Environmental Erosion Research

fa بررسی مقایسه ای تغییرات کاربری اراضی و تأثیر آن بر میزان فرسایش با استفاده از روش طبقه بندی شیءگرا در حوضه ی سیمینه رود بوکان A Comparative Study of Land-Use Change and its Impact on Erosion Rate Using Object-Oriented Classification Method in Simineh Rood Basin of Boukan روشهای نوین و دقیق در تهیّه نقشه فرسایش (سنجش از دور و سیستم‌های اطلاعات جغرافیایی) مستخرج از پایان‌نامه / رساله / طرح پژوهشی تهیهی نقشهی کاربری اراضی با استفاده از داده‌های دورسنجی، یکی از جدیدترین و پرکاربردترین روش‌های تهیهی نقشهی کاربری اراضی و مقایسهی کاربری‌های موجود است. عدم رعایت قابلیـت توسـعهی زمـین در انتخاب کاربری‌ها و مدیریت غیر اصولی آنها، باعث فرسایش مـی‌شـود. پژوهش حاضر به منظور بررسی روند تغییرات کاربری اراضی و تأثیر آن بر فرسایش، با استفاده از تصاویر سال 2000 و 2017 سنجده ASTER ماهوارهی TERRA انجام شدهاست. نقشهی کاربری اراضی نیز با استفاده از روش شیءگرا تهیه شد. ‌برای‌ ارزیابی صحت نتایج،‌ از‌ د‌اد‌ه‌های‌ آموزشی‌‌ استفاد‌ه‌ شد. سپس ‌مهم‌ترین ‌روش‌های ‌ارزیابی ‌صحت،‌ شامل‌ د‌قت‌کلی‌ و‌ ضریب‌ کاپای‌ طبقه‌بندی‌ استخراج‌ شد که برای سال 2000 و 2017 به ترتیب 89/0 و 92/0 درصد بود. نقشهی پهنهبندی فرسایش با استفاده از نقشههای کاربری اراضی، حاصل و عوامل شامل شیب، لیتولوژی، فاصله از جادّه، فاصله از آبراهه، بارش و خاک با استفاده از روش وزندهی کرتیک و روش WLC انجام شد. نتایج نشان داد در نقشهی کاربری حاصل، بیشترین میزان مساحت در سال 2000 به کاربری مراتع اختصاص دارد که در سال 2017 به طور چشمگیری این کاربری کاهش یافته و به زمینهای زراعی تبدیل شدهاست. با توجه به نقشهی پهنه‌بندی فرسایش سال 2000، به ترتیب  79/8 و 2/28 درصد و با توجه به پهنهبندی فرسایش 2017، به ترتیب 04/11 و 08/34 درصد از مساحت شهرستان در دو طبقهی بسیار پرخطر و پرخطر قرار دارد. میتوان افزایش مساحت مربوط به طبقات بسیار پرخطر و پرخطر فرسایشی را در حوضهی مورد مطالعه به علل زیر: تبدیل اراضی با پوشش مرتعی به اراضی زراعت آبی، افزایش مناطق مسکونی در حاشیهی رودخانه، رعایت نکردن حریم رودخانه، افزایش خطوط ارتباطی و به تبع آن دخالت انسان در محیط؛ مرتبط دانست. Extended abstract 1- Introduction Human beings have always sought to assess changes and discover changes. Soil erosion is one of the most important factors in soil degradation and reduction of fertility. Today, erosion of the soil due to non-expert human intervention has been removed from its natural process and has led to irreparable consequences. Considering the importance of studying changes in land use and its role in soil erosion over time, land use changes in Simineh Rood of the Boukan County in West Azarbaijan province and its role in soil erosion (between 2000 and 2017) were studied. 2- Methodology The current research was conducted based on the integration of data analysis and remote sensing techniques as well as the geographic information system. In the present study, the layers of distance from the waterway and the distance from the road and the slope were delineated using Boukan topographic map. Also, the soil map of the area was prepared, using the soil map of the province. Moreover, the geology map of the area was sketched according to the geology map of the province. The basin rainfall map was set out using Boukan meteorological stations data as well as the adjacent stations, obtaining gradient equation of precipitation. To identify the area and to prepare a map of the city, the map of the county lands and the images of the google earth and the terra images of the Terrestrial Sensor, pertaining to the years 2000 and 2017, were utilized. ENVI 5.3, Arc GIS 10.5, Idrisi selvi and Excel were employed for the processing of the images and for the analyses of the data. The land use map of the basin was prepared using an object-oriented method. The WLC method as a multi-criteria analysis technique was applied to prepare the erosion zonation map. 3- Results The map of the studied basin was prepared in 9 classes (aquaculture, rainforest, orchards, residential areas, communication lines, water, pasture, rocky lands with scattered vegetation and Bayer lands) through an object-oriented method. According to the obtained map, the results showed that the highest area in 2000 was related to the use of rangeland with a total area of 541.979 square miles. In 2017, the highest amount of land covered with the rocky lands with a dispersed land cover was 591.70. Also, the lowest usage rates in both years included the use of communication lines with 5.358 and 8.192 km2, the residential areas with 9.141 and 15.639 sq. Km, and the water with 22.320 and 18.480. The coefficients of evaluation (Kappa coefficient) extracted in 2000 and 2017 were 0/89 and  0/92, respectively. According to the erosion zoning maps in the area, in 2000 the area of the high risk class was 147.924 sq. Km, which increased to 185.971 sq. Km in 2017. In contrast with the high risk area of 470,511 sq km in 2000, it increased to 571 .081 sq km in 2017. 4- Discussion & Conclusions According to the results of the study, during the study period, pastures, drought and water decreased, and in contrast with the use of aquaculture, dry land, rocky land and residential areas, there was an increasing trend. According to the results of erosion hazard zonation, the area of high-risk and high risk classes increased from 8.79% and 28.2% in 2000 to 11.04% and 34.08%, respectively, in 2017. This can be attributed to an increase of 180.408, 129.245, 96.875, and 6.498 km2 from the area of arable land, bayer lands, rocks and residential areas, and a decrease of 359.806 square kilometers of rangelands. Therefore, according to the erosion zoning maps in the study area, in 2000 and 2017, the areas with high-risk categories are either unused or with agronomic uses, and the areas with low risk are very little in the pastures. It can be concluded that the results of the study are as follows: the studies of Esfandiari et al. (2014), Moradi (2016), Faizizadeh (2017), Asghari et al. (2017), Martinsmurilo et al. (2011) and Dasilova et al. (2016) are consistent with the fact that crops are the most common and the pastures have the least potential for erosion. سیمینه رود, فرسایش, کاربری اراضی, GIS, RS Landuse, Simineh Rood, Erosion, GIS, RS 94 109 http://magazine.hormozgan.ac.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-93-4&slc_lang=fa&sid=1 Sayyad asghari saraskanrood صیاد اصغری سراسکانرود s.asghari@uma.ac.ir 10031947532846005030 10031947532846005030 Yes Faculty Literature of Humanities, Mohaghegh Ardabili University دانشکده ادبیات و علوم انسانی، دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی Delnya Palizban دلنیا پالیزبان Delnya Palizban@yahoo.com 10031947532846005031 10031947532846005031 No Faculty Literature of Humanities, Mohaghegh Ardabili University دانشکده ادبیات و علوم انسانی، دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی elnaz piroozi الناز پیروزی piroozielnaz@yahoo.com 10031947532846005032 10031947532846005032 No Faculty Literature of Humanities, Mohaghegh Ardabili University دانشکده ادبیات و علوم انسانی، دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی