Environmental Erosion Research
پژوهش هاي فرسايش محيطي
E.E.R.
Literature & Humanities
http://magazine.hormozgan.ac.ir
1
admin
2251-7812
2717-3968
10.52547/jeer
6561
8888
45855/11/3/90
fa
jalali
1398
5
1
gregorian
2019
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fa
مقایسه دو مدل MPSIAC و MMF در تهیه نقشه توزیع فرسایش خاک حوزه آبخیز آق گونی اردبیل
Comparison of two MPSIAC and MMF models in soil erosion mapping of Ardebil Agh Gouni watershed
مدلسازی و تحلیل زمانی و مکانی رخداد انواع مختلف فرسایش محیطی
مستخرج از پایاننامه / رساله / طرح پژوهشی
<strong><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:b compset;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">فرسایش خاک، مهم</span></span></span></strong><strong><span dir="LTR"><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:nazanin,bold,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">­</span></span></span></span></strong><strong><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:b compset;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">ترین عامل تخریب اراضی است و به هدر رفت آب و خاک منجر می­شود. استفاده از مدل­ها، مهم­ترین ابزار تخمین فرسایش و تهیه ­ی نقشه ­ی آن در سطح حوزه های آبخیز است. در این پژوهش، از دو مدل </span></span></span></strong><strong><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">MPSIAC</span></span></strong><strong><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:b compset;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;"> و </span></span></span></strong><strong><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">MMF</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:b compset;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">بر</span></span></span></strong><strong><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:b compset;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">ای </span></span></span></strong><strong><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:b compset;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">برآورد فرسایش و</span></span></span></strong><strong><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:b compset;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;"> تعیین توزیع آن در سطح حوزه آ</span></span></span></strong><strong><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:b compset;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">بخیز آق ­گونی اردبیل استفاده شد. برای این منظور، </span></span></span></strong><strong><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:b compset;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">100</span></span></span></strong> <strong><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:b compset;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">نقطه از سطح حوزه </span></span></span></strong><strong><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:b compset;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">به صورت شبکه منظم و فواصل </span></span></span></strong><strong><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:b compset;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">حدود </span></span></span></strong><strong><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:b compset;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">300</span></span></span></strong><strong><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:b compset;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;"> متر مشخص شد. سپس </span></span></span></strong><strong><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:b compset;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">با استفاده از نمونه ­برداری خاک و اندازه ­گیری ­های صحرایی، داده ­های مورد نیاز دو مدل مورد نظر جمع­ آوری و تخمین فرسایش خاک انجام شد. در ادامه با روش وزن­ده ی فاصله معکوس </span></span></span></strong><strong><span dir="LTR"><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">(IDW)</span></span></span></strong><strong><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:b compset;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">، </span></span></span></strong><strong><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:b compset;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">درون­ یابی بین نقاط صورت گرفت و نقشه ­ی فرسایش خاک تهیه شد.</span></span></span></strong><strong><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:b compset;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;"> میانگین فرسایش خاک حوزه ­ی مورد مطالعه </span></span></span></strong><strong><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:b compset;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">با مدل </span></span></span></strong><strong><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">MPSIAC</span></span></strong><strong><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:b compset;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;"> و </span></span></span></strong><strong><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">MMF</span></span></strong><strong><span style="font-family:b compset;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">،</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:b compset;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">به</span></span></span></strong><strong><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:b compset;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;"> ترتیب</span></span></span></strong> <strong><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:b compset;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">06/5</span></span></span></strong><strong><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:b compset;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;"> و </span></span></span></strong><strong><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:b compset;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">79/3</span></span></span></strong><strong><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:b compset;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;"> تن در هکتار در سال </span></span></span></strong><strong><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:b compset;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">بر</span></span></span></strong><strong><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:b compset;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">آورد شد. همچنین نقشه ­ی فرسایش </span></span></span></strong><strong><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:b compset;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">به</span></span></span></strong><strong><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:b compset;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;"> دست آمده از </span></span></span></strong><strong><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:b compset;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">بر</span></span></span></strong><strong><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:b compset;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">آورد مدل </span></span></span></strong><strong><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">MPSIAC</span></span></strong><strong><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:b compset;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;"> نشان داد که مقادیر </span></span></span></strong><strong><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:b compset;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">بیشتر فرسایش، در </span></span></span></strong><strong><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:b compset;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">مناطق </span></span></span></strong><strong><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:b compset;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">با شیب زیاد و تراکم بیشتر فرسایش خندقی رخ می­ دهد.</span></span></span></strong><strong><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:b compset;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;"> نقشه ­ی فرسایش </span></span></span></strong><strong><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:b compset;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">به</span></span></span></strong><strong><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:b compset;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;"> دست آمده از </span></span></span></strong><strong><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:b compset;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">بر</span></span></span></strong><strong><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:b compset;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">آورد مدل </span></span></span></strong><strong><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">MMF</span></span></strong><strong><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:b compset;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;"> نیز نشان داد که </span></span></span></strong><strong><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:b compset;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">بین جریان رواناب سطحی و برآورد فرسایش سالانه با این مدل، </span></span></span></strong><strong><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:b compset;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">انطبا</span></span></span></strong><strong><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:b compset;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">ق </span></span></span></strong><strong><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:b compset;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">بیشتری</span></span></span></strong><strong><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:b compset;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;"> وجود دارد. مقدار بیشتر برآورد فرسایش با </span></span></span></strong><strong><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:b compset;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">مدل </span></span></span></strong><strong><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">MPSIAC</span></span></strong><strong><span style="font-family:b compset;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;"> و انطباق نقشه ­ی فرسایش این مدل با نقشه ­ی توزیع فرسایش خندقی در سطح حوزه، </span></span></strong><strong><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:b compset;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">نشان داد مدل </span></span></span></strong><strong><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">MPSIAC</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:b compset;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">فرسایش خاک را در مقاطع زمانی طولانی ـ که فرسایش خندقی نیز اتفاق می­افتد ـ تخمین می­زند؛ در حالی که مدل </span></span></span></strong><strong><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">MMF</span></span></strong><strong><span style="font-family:b compset;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">، از جریان سطحی و انرژی جنبشی باران برای برآورد فرسایش استفاده می­ کند و بیشتر با </span></span></strong><strong><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:b compset;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">فرسایش سطحی و شیاری ارتباط دارد. بنابراین، مدل </span></span></span></strong><strong><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">MMF</span></span></strong> <strong><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:b compset;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">برای تخمین فرسایش</span></span></span></strong> <strong><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:b compset;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">ورقه­ ای و شیاری </span></span></span></strong><strong><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:b compset;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">سالانه بهتر</span></span></span></strong><strong><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:b compset;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;"> عمل می ­کند.</span></span></span></strong>
<strong>Extended abstract</strong><br>
<strong>1- Introduction</strong><br>
Soil erosion is the most important cause of land degradation and the cause of water loss, soil loss, sedimentation in water resources, and maximum flood intensification (Liu et al., 2019). Models are the most important tools for estimating and mapping of erosion at the watershed level. As the experimental models are dependent on used coefficients and region conditions, physical models based on the soil erosion process more accurately predicting soil erosion development (Yuan and Yu, 2017). The MPSIAC model is one of the most important experimental models that is widely used to estimate soil erosion in Iran's watersheds, also reported in literature the Morgan Morgan Finney (MMF) is one of the most efficient physical models in soil erosion estimation. In this study, MPSIAC experimental model and MMF physical model were used to estimate the erosion and determine its distribution at Ardebil Agh Gouni area and compared the efficiency of two models in estimating soil erosion.<br>
<strong>2- Methodology</strong><br>
Agh Gouni watershed with an area of 1800 hectares located at 10 km south of Ardebil city was selected as the study area. At 100 points of the watershed with 300m intervals, soil sampling and field measurements of vegetation, soil and rock cover percentage were done and field data required for MPSIAC and MMF models were obtained. Soil erodibility index was determined by Williams et al (1983) by measuring the percentage of sand, silt and clay particles as well as the percentage of organic carbon, bulk density and particle density of soil samples. Precipitation and hydrology data were also obtained using meteorological data and estimated runoff using curve number (CN) method. Geological and topographic information was also obtained from the maps. Field visit, interpretation of aerial photos, and satellite imagery were performed to identify the watershed and determine the status of erosion. With soil, runoff, topography, geology and meteorological data, required inputs for the two models were obtained and soil erosion estimation was performed for 100 selected points at the watershed. Then, soil erosion interpolated between the points by inverse distance weighting (IDW) method and prepared soil erosion map of watershed.<br>
<strong>3- Results </strong><br>
The results showed that the means of soil erosion in the studied area was estimated by MPSIAC and MMF model of 5.06 and 3.79 ton/ha/year, respectively. Also, the erosion map obtained from the estimation of MPSIAC model showed that higher erosion rates occur in areas with high slope and greater gully erosion density. The erosion map obtained from the estimation of MMF model also showed that there is more agreement between surface runoff flow and annual erosion estimation with this model. In the MMF model, only surface erosion caused by runoff and raindrops is modeled, while in MPSIAC, in addition to surface erosion, gully erosion is also considered as one of the 9 factors in the scoring model. Therefore, the estimated result by this model is higher. In the erosion map of the MMF model the least estimation of erosion is related to the upstream of the watershed in the south and west of the watershed, which has minimal runoff flow in these areas and has relatively flat topography with respect to the slope map, so in this area the kinetic energy of the raindrops is the domain reason of soil erosion. As the outflow portion of the watershed gradually increases the effect of runoff to soil erision. It was also observed that the kinetic energy factor (E) of the MMF model was uniform in most parts of the watershed and did not vary significantly, while the surface runoff volume factor (Q) from the upstream to the downstream and outlet of watershed gradually increased, which is the result of an increase in volume and velocity of runoff to outlet side.<br>
<strong>4- Discussion & </strong><strong>Conclusions</strong><br>
It was generally observed that the estimation of soil erosion with MPSIAC model is more than MMF model and due to the use of gully erosion as one of the factors of erosion, the erosion distribution with this model is very consistent with the gully erosion distribution. Therefore, although the MPSIAC model can be used to estimate long-term erosion in the region, estimating the annual erosion that usually results of sheet and rill erosion the MMF model is more accurate. As well as observed to obtain annual erosion distribution map, using the MMF model that is the basis of estimating rainfall and runoff energy is more accurate.<span dir="RTL"></span><br>
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آق گونی, برآورد فرسایش, نقشه فرسایش, مدل فیزیکی
Agh Gouni, Erosion Estimation, Erosion Map, Physical Model.
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88
http://magazine.hormozgan.ac.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-345-3&slc_lang=fa&sid=1
hossein
shahab arkhazloo
حسین
شهاب آرخازلو
h.shahab@uma.ac.ir
10031947532846004933
10031947532846004933
Yes
University of Mohaghegh Ardabili
دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی
samira
zahed
سمیرا
زاهد
hose_shohab@yahoo.com
10031947532846004934
10031947532846004934
No
University of Mohaghegh Ardabili
دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی
shorollah
asghari
شکراله
اصغری
shokrollah.asghari@gmail.com
10031947532846004935
10031947532846004935
No
University of Mohaghegh Ardabili
دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی