fa برآورد جامع مؤلفه‌های فرسایش و رسوب با استفاده از مدل IntErO در حوزه آبخیز کوزه‌تپراقی، استان اردبیل روشهای نوین و دقیق در تهیّه نقشه فرسایش (سنجش از دور و سیستم‌های اطلاعات جغرافیایی) پژوهشي Research <span style="font-family:B Nazanin;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">تحقیق حاضر با هدف برآورد مؤلفه‌های مرتبط با فرسایش و رسوب با استفاده از مدل </span></span><span dir="LTR">IntErO ((Intensity of Erosion and Outflow</span><span style="font-family:B Nazanin;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;"> در حوزه آبخیز کوزه‌تپراقی، استان اردبیل انجام شد. برای اجرای این مدل ابتدا 26 داده ورودی شامل ویژگی‌های هندسی، توپوگرافی، حداکثر جریان خروجی، هیدرولوژی، هواشناسی و شدت فرسایش برای کل حوزه آبخیز و 36 زیرحوضه آن استخراج شد. سپس منطبق با استانداردهای مورد نیاز مدل، بانک اطلاعاتی آن‌ها در محیط </span></span><span dir="LTR">Excel</span><span style="font-family:B Nazanin;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;"> تهیه و وارد نرم‌افزار شد. پس از اجرای مدل </span></span><span dir="LTR">IntErO</span><span style="font-family:B Nazanin;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">، 22 مؤلفه مرتبط با فرآیند فرسایش حوزه آبخیز کوزه‌تپراقی به‌دست آمد. اکثر مؤلفه‌های فرسایشی در سطح 36 زیرحوزه آبخیز مورد مطالعه دارای تغییرات مکانی زیادی بوده و این مساله بیانگر تنوع شرایط اکولوژیکی و بیوفیزیکی در سطح حوزه آبخیز است. در این پژوهش، حداکثر و حداقل مقدار ضریب شدت فرسایش خاک (</span></span><span dir="LTR">Z</span><span style="font-family:B Nazanin;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">) در زیرحوضه‌‌های 6 و 10 واقع در بخش شرقی حوضه مورد مطالعه برآورد شد. میانگین کل رسوب تولیدی ناشی از فرسایش سطح حوزه آبخیز (</span></span><span dir="LTR">W_god</span><span style="font-family:B Nazanin;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">) برابر با 65/222854 مترمکعب در سال بود. علت بالا بودن فرسایش ویژه با مقادیر بالای 200 مترمکعب بر کیلومترمربع در سال در برخی از زیرحوضه‌ها را می‌توان به بهره‌برداری و دخالت شدید صورت گرفته نسبت داد. براساس نتایج به&shy; دست&shy; آمده &nbsp;مقدار میانگین و انحراف معیار ضریب ته‌نشست مجدد رسوبات حاصل از فرسایش (</span></span><span dir="LTR">Ru</span><span style="font-family:B Nazanin;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">) برای کل حوزه آبخیز برابر با 09/0</span></span><span style="font-family:Cambria,serif;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">&plusmn;</span></span><span style="font-family:B Nazanin;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">26/0 بوده است. مقادیر فرسایش خاک واقعی (</span></span><span dir="LTR">G_god</span><span style="font-family:B Nazanin;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">) و فرسایش خاک واقعی ویژه (</span></span><span dir="LTR">Ggod/km²</span><span style="font-family:B Nazanin;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">) برابر با 90/172704 مترمکعب در سال و 50/215 مترمکعب بر کیلومترمربع در سال ارزیابی شد. نتایج مطالعات انجام شده حاکی از نفوذپذیری زیاد، &nbsp;درزیرحوضه‌های بالادست، است. در این زیرحوضه‌ها وجود اراضی مرتعی با پوشش گیاهی علف&shy;زار، موجب نفوذ بیش‌تر آب در لایه&shy; های خاک می&shy;شود. نتایج به‌دست آمده، در مدل‌سازی‌ فرآیندهای مختلف اکولوژیکی، هیدرولوژیکی و مدیریتی حوزه آبخیز، اولویت‌بندی مناطق بحرانی و اجرای پایدار و مؤثر اقدامات احیایی و حفاظتی کاربرد دارند.</span></span> <strong>Extended abstract</strong><br> <strong>1- Introduction</strong><br> Soil erosion is one of the most important environmental issues that causes various ecological, social and economic problems. Today, the use of various models for estimating and predicting hydrological data of watersheds is increasing. Soil erosion risk assessment is a special form of land resources evaluation, and its purpose is to divide the land into small areas based on the type of erosion and its amount, which is essential in the soil conservation planning. Developing comprehensive soil erosion models applicable in different environmental conditions is highly important. The Intensity of Erosion and Outflow (IntErO) model is a new graphical model that has a user-friendly software and could present a comprehensive view from watershed erosional components. Awareness of important coefficients such as watershed development, river basin tortuousness, erosion energy of the basin&#39;s relief, the region&#39;s permeability, vegetation cover, and deposit retention coefficients that provided by IntErO model has a key role to adapt proper watershed management and conservative measures, particularly the best management practices (BMPs) that are currently considered by policymakers and executive managers.<br> &nbsp;<br> <strong>2- Methodology</strong><br> Due to the positive reports on the proper efficiency of the IntErO model in some parts of the areas such as Bosnia & Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Italy, Brazil, and recently in North Khorasan and Kurdistan provinces, the present study was conducted with the aim of obtaining comprehensive information on the erosional characteristics of the KoozehTopraghi Watershed located in the southern part of Ardabil Province<span dir="RTL">.</span> The studied watershed with an area of 801.40 km² was divided into 36 sub-watersheds according to topographical and hydrological properties. Totally, the IntErO program package for estimating soil erosion and sediment yield components uses 26 input data including geometric, topographic, maximum outflow, hydrological and soil erosion intensity properties. All primary maps for total watershed and its 36 sub-watersheds were processed and provided in the ArcGIS 10.6 environment. Then, according to the required standards of the model, the&nbsp;data bank was provided in the Excel 2016 environment and accordingly uploaded to the IntErO software. Finally, after running the IntErO model, 22 components related to the soil erosion process of KoozehTopraghi Watershed were obtained.<br> <strong>3- Results </strong><br> According to the results of the IntErO model, the spatial variability was confirmed in relation to the most of erosional components through 36 sub-watersheds which indicate the diversity of ecological and biophysical conditions at the whole watershed. In general, the maximum and minimum ​​of soil erosion coefficient (Z) were estimated in the sub-watersheds 6 and 10, respectively. According to the obtained results, most of the study sub-watersheds have experienced severe erosion. It was also found that the mean of the production of erosion material in the river basin (Wgod) was equal to 222854.65 m³ y^-1, respectively whereby it&rsquo;s minimum and maximum were obtained in the sub-watersheds 6 and 33, respectively. The reason for the high amount of specific sediment yield in some sub-watersheds can be attributed to their severe exploitation for human needs and consequently severe erosion. The results also showed that the mean value and standard deviation of the coefficient of the deposit retention (Ru) for the whole watershed was 0.26 &plusmn; 0.09. The values ​​of real soil loss (Ggod) and specific real soil loss (Ggod/km²) were evaluated as 172704.90 m³ y^-1and 215.50 m³ km² y^-1. The results showed that there was a lot of permeability in the upland sub-watersheds. In these sub-watersheds, due to the existence of rangelands and higher vegetation cover, more water penetrates.<br> <strong>4- Discussion & </strong><strong>Conclusions</strong><br> In general, the results showed that the erosion values ​​at the lowlands of the study watershed are much higher than at the highlands. The present results are consistent with the other researches that reported the high level of ecological sensitivity in the lowlands of ​​the KoozehTopraghi Watershed. The results of the present study can be used as a useful managerial tool in the field of sustainable agricultural production and optimal use of natural resources. Finally, it is recommended to compare the applicability of the IntErO model in different environmental conditions, considering its comprehensiveness in analyzing the erosional status. The results of this study, in addition to its capability for modeling different watershed ecological, hydrological and managerial processes, their analysis is useful to prioritize the critical regions as well as sustainable and effective implantation of restoration and conservative practices in the KoozehTopraghi Watershed. اراضی مرتعی؛ الگوی مکانی؛ تخریب زمین؛ شدت فرسایش؛ هدررفت خاک. Erosion intensity, Land degradation, Rangelands, Soil loss, Spatial pattern. 92 110 http://magazine.hormozgan.ac.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-689-1&slc_lang=fa&sid=1 Zeinab Hazbavi زینب حزباوی z.hazbavi@uma.ac.ir 10031947532846005215 10031947532846005215 Yes Ph.D., Assistant Professor, Department of Natural Resources, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, and Member of Water Management Research Center, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Iran استادیار گروه منابع طبیعی، دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی و عضو پژوهشکده مدیریت آب، دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی Elham Azizi الهام عزیزی eazizi520@gmail.com 10031947532846005216 10031947532846005216 No M.Sc. Student in Watershed Management Engineering, Department of Natural Resources, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Iran دانشجوی مهندسی آبخیزداری، دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی Zahra Sharifi زهرا شریفی hazbavi.zeinab@gmail.com 10031947532846005217 10031947532846005217 No M.Sc. Student in Watershed Management Engineering, Department of Natural Resources, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Iran دانشجوی مهندسی آبخیزداری، دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی Nazila Alaei نازیلا علائی nazila.alaie96@gmail.com 10031947532846005218 10031947532846005218 No Former M.Sc. Student, Watershed Management Engineering, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran دانش‌آموخته مهندسی آبخیزداری، دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی Raoof Mostafazadeh رئوف مصطفی زاده Raoofmostafazadeh@uma.ac.ir 10031947532846005219 10031947532846005219 No Ph.D., Associate Professor, Department of Natural Resources, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, and Member of Water Management Research Center, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Iran دانشیار گروه منابع طبیعی، دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی و عضو پژوهشکده مدیریت آب، دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی Morteza Behzadfar مرتضی بهزادفر mbehzadfar@gmail.com 10031947532846005220 10031947532846005220 No North Khorasan Provincial FRWO, Iran دکتری علوم و مهندسی آبخیزداری، سازمان مدیریت و برنامه‌ریزی استان خراسان شمالی Velibor Spalevic ولیبور اسپالویچ 10031947532846005221 10031947532846005221 No Professor, Institute of Forestry and the University of Montenegro, Biotechnical Faculty, Podgorica, Montenegro استاد، دانشکده فلسفه، گروه جغرافیا، دانشگاه مونته‌نگرو، مونته‌نگرو