Environmental Erosion Research
پژوهش هاي فرسايش محيطي
E.E.R.
Literature & Humanities
http://magazine.hormozgan.ac.ir
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2021
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تعیین و تحلیل روند الگوی زمانی و مکانی گردوغبار و اثرپذیری آن از پوشش گیاهی (مطالعه موردی حوزه جازموریان)
Determining and analyzing the temporal and spatial trend of dust and its effect on vegetation and precipitation (Case study of Jazmourian Basin)
تحلیل فضایی عوامل فرساینده، و استخراج الگوهای پراکندگی و انتشار فرسایش
پژوهشي
Research
<strong><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:2 Compset;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">حوضه جازموریان به لحاظ تأثیرگذاری آن بر روی جو حاکم در استانهای کرمان، هرمزگان و سیستان و بلوچستان اهمیت </span></span></span></strong><strong><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:2 Compset;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">زیادی دارد. وجود ذرات گردوغبار در جو میتواند بر روی بودجه تابشی و سیستم تنفسی انسانها اثرات مختلفی داشته باشد.</span></span></span></strong> <strong><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:2 Compset;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">در این مطالعه، از دادههای عمق نوری هواویزهای سنجنده </span></span></span></strong><strong><span dir="LTR"><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman Bold,serif;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">MISR</span></span></span></span></strong><strong><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:2 Compset;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;"> ماهواره ترا با تفکیک افقی </span></span></span></strong><strong><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:2 Compset;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">5/0</span></span></span></strong><strong><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:2 Compset;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;"> درجه، میانگین ماهانه و فصلی عمق نوری هواویزها بهمنظور بررسی روند تغییر </span></span></span></strong><strong><span dir="LTR"><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman Bold,serif;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">AOD</span></span></span></span></strong><strong><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:2 Compset;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">،</span></span></span></strong> <strong><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:2 Compset;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">و میانگین منطقهای </span></span></span></strong><strong><span dir="LTR"><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman Bold,serif;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">AOD</span></span></span></span></strong><strong><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:2 Compset;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;"> سنجنده </span></span></span></strong><strong><span dir="LTR"><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman Bold,serif;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">MODIS</span></span></span></span></strong><strong><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:2 Compset;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;"> ماهواره </span></span></span></strong><strong><span dir="LTR"><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman Bold,serif;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">TERRA</span></span></span></span></strong><strong><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:2 Compset;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;"> بهصورت سالانه در دوره زمانی </span></span></span></strong><strong><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:2 Compset;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">2000</span></span></span></strong><strong><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:2 Compset;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;"> تا </span></span></span></strong><strong><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:2 Compset;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">2020</span></span></span></strong><strong><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:2 Compset;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;"> استفاده شد. از محصول آماده ضخامت نوری هواویزهای سنجنده </span></span></span></strong><strong><span dir="LTR"><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman Bold,serif;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">MODIS</span></span></span></span></strong><strong><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:2 Compset;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;"> ـ که از ترکیب دو الگوریتم </span></span></span></strong><strong><span dir="LTR"><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman Bold,serif;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">deep blue</span></span></span></span></strong><strong><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:2 Compset;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;"> و </span></span></span></strong><strong><span dir="LTR"><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman Bold,serif;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">dark targets</span></span></span></span></strong><strong><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:2 Compset;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;"> به دست آمده­است ـ باهدف بررسی توزیع مکانی و تغییرات فصلی مقادیر عمق نوری هواویزها در طولموج </span></span></span></strong><strong><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:2 Compset;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">550</span></span></span></strong><strong><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:2 Compset;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;"> نانومتر در منطقه مورد مطالعه استفاده شد. همچنین بهمنظور بررسی این روند، از روش تخمین شیب سِن و روش من ـ کندال با سطح اعتماد </span></span></span></strong><strong><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:2 Compset;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">95</span></span></span></strong><strong><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:2 Compset;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;"> و </span></span></span></strong><strong><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:2 Compset;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">99</span></span></span></strong><strong><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:2 Compset;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;"> درصد استفاده شد. در ادامه بهمنظور بررسی اثرپذیری الگوی زمانی و مکانی گردوغبار از پوشش گیاهی در منطقه، از شاخص </span></span></span></strong><strong><span dir="LTR"><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman Bold,serif;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">NDVI</span></span></span></span></strong><strong><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:2 Compset;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;"> محصول سنجنده </span></span></span></strong><strong><span dir="LTR"><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman Bold,serif;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">MODIS</span></span></span></span></strong><strong><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:2 Compset;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;"> ماهواره ترا استفاده شد. در ادامه با استفاده از شاخص </span></span></span></strong><strong><span dir="LTR"><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman Bold,serif;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">NDVI</span></span></span></span></strong><strong><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:2 Compset;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;"> و تصاویر ماهوارهای، ارتباط بین شاخص</span></span></span></strong><strong><span dir="LTR"><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman Bold,serif;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">AOD </span></span></span></span></strong><strong><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:2 Compset;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;"> و پوشش گیاهی تحلیل شد. نتایج این تحقیق نشان داد که در طول دوره مطالعاتی، روند افزایشی </span></span></span></strong><strong><span dir="LTR"><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman Bold,serif;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">AOD</span></span></span></span></strong><strong><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:2 Compset;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;"> در منطقه از ماههای آوریل تا ژوئیه مشاهده شد؛ بهگونهای که در بخش وسیعی از حوضه جازموریان، میانگین عمق نوری هواویزها در ماه ژوئیه به حدود </span></span></span></strong><strong><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:2 Compset;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">6/0</span></span></span></strong><strong><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:2 Compset;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;"> رسید. همچنین نتایج نشان داد که همبستگی بین میانگین سالانه دادههای </span></span></span></strong><strong><span dir="LTR"><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman Bold,serif;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">AOD</span></span></span></span></strong><strong><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:2 Compset;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;"> و </span></span></span></strong><strong><span dir="LTR"><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman Bold,serif;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">NDVI</span></span></span></span></strong><strong><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:2 Compset;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;"> برابر </span></span></span></strong><strong><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:2 Compset;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">0.56 </span></span></span></strong><strong><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">–</span></span></strong><strong><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:2 Compset;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;"> است که ارتباط این دو پدیده را بهصورت معکوس در منطقه تأیید میکند. </span></span></span></strong>
<strong><span dir="LTR">Extended abstract</span></strong><br>
<strong>1- Introduction </strong><br>
Jazmourian basin in southeastern Iran includes parts of Kerman and Sistan, and Baluchestan provinces. This region is one of the sources of dust production in southeastern Iran. The maximum dust emissions in the Sistan region occur in eastern Iran, southwestern Afghanistan, and Pakistan in the summer, and these storms load dust from local scales to regions. Vegetation and its type also play an important role in the severity of dust. There is positive feedback between precipitation and dust emission from the surface; This means that the dust from desert areas reduces rainfall and decreases rainfall, causes the soil to dry out, and further increases dust. In addition to the effect on rainfall, the presence of dust is also effective in its spatial distribution.<br>
<strong>2- Methodology</strong><br>
In this study, first, using the optical depth data of the MISR sensors of Terra satellite with a horizontal separation of 0.5 degrees, the monthly and seasonal average optical depth of the aerators in the Jazmourian basin is determined. In order to study the trend of AOD change, the average AOD regions of TODRA satellite MODIS sensor are shown annually in the period 2000 to 2020, and the regression line slope was calculated by age estimation method and Mann-Kendall method with 95% and 99% confidence levels. The amount of vegetation changes in the region has been studied using the annual average of the NDVI index in the Jazmourian region. Since precipitation is one of the factors affecting the occurrence of dust events, the average annual precipitation rates of the TRMM satellite have also been studied. Finally, to investigate the effect of vegetation change on dust, the correlation between the average annual data of AOD and NDVI data and the correlation between the average annual rainfall data and NDVI was calculated to investigate the effect of annual rainfall on vegetation.<br>
<strong>3- Results </strong><br>
The monthly average values of the optical depth of air vents were in the period 2000 to 2020. In January, AOD values in the center of the Jazmourian Basin, located on the border of Sistan and Baluchestan and Kerman provinces, are slightly higher than in other parts. From February to July, an increase in AOD is observed in the region so that in large parts of the Jazmourian Basin, the average optical depth of air vents in this month has reached about 0.6. Since August, AOD values have gradually decreased until December; only in the central areas of the basin, small amounts of AOD are observed. As expected, the maximum AOD in this region is observed in summer, and then in spring is in second place. The amount of AOD has decreased significantly in autumn and winter. According to the results, NDVI values were low in years when the mean optical depth of the particles was high. For example, in 2008 and 2012, when AOD values were higher than in other years, the average annual NDVI values decreased. Interestingly, the average annual values of optical particle depth in 2020 and 2017 were lower than in other years, but in the same years, the average annual NDVI values are higher than in neighboring years. The results show that in the years when there is an increase in rainfall in the region, an increase in vegetation and a relative decrease in AOD compared to previous years are also observed. It should be noted that in some years, with increasing rainfall and vegetation, the amount of AOD has not decreased much that it can be said that the amount of AOD, in addition to the activity of local dust sources, is due to dust particles from other areas to the study area and AOD changes only Not due to changes in rainfall and vegetation in the area.<br>
<strong> 4- Discussion & Conclusions</strong><br>
The average monthly light depth values of air vents in the period from 2000 to 2020 show that in January, the AOD values in the center of Jazmourian Basin, located on the border of Sistan and Baluchestan and Kerman provinces, are slightly higher than other sectors. From February to July, an increase in AOD is observed in the region so that in large parts of the Jazmourian Basin, the average optical depth of air vents in this month has reached about 0.6. From August, when small amounts of AOD were observed only in the central areas of the basin, AOD values gradually decreased until December. Also, the average monthly AOD values in the region in the period 2000 to 2020 show that the highest AOD values in July are related to 2003 and 2001, and in June are related to 2008, which is significantly different from other years. Examination of the seasonal average values of the optical depth of air vents in the period under study shows that the maximum amount of AOD in this region is observed in summer and then spring, and AOD values in the autumn and winter seasons have decreased significantly.
گرد و غبار, حوضه جازموریان, شاخص AOD , شاخص NDVI.
dust, Jazmourian Basin, AOD Index, NDVI Index
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81
http://magazine.hormozgan.ac.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-781-1&slc_lang=fa&sid=1
Farshad
Soleimani Sardoo
فرشاد
سلیمانی ساردو
f.soleimani@ujiroft.ac.ir
10031947532846006236
10031947532846006236
Yes
Department of Ecological Engineering, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Jiroft, Iran
گروه مهندسی طبیعت، دانشکده منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه جیرفت، ایران
Sara
Karami
سارا
کرمی
fsoleimani2016@gmail.com
10031947532846006237
10031947532846006237
No
Institute of Meteorology and Atmospheric Sciences, Meteorological Organization of Iran, Tehran, Iran
پژوهشکده هواشناسی و علوم جو، سازمان هواشناسی کشور ایران
Nasim
Hoseinhamzeh
نسیم
حسین حمزه
farshad.soleimani@ut.ac.ir
10031947532846006238
10031947532846006238
No
PhD in Meteorology
دانشآموخته دکتری علوم هواشناسی