@article{ author = {Jafari, Hassan and Avaji, mi}, title = {Reconstruction Glacier Circus in volcanic craters (Case study Kurdistan Qorveh)}, abstract ={Extended abstract Introduction The attention of forefront foreign researchers has focused on glacier circus. Glacial cirque is the most important pattern of glacial erosion. Deep depressions with steep walls, flat floor or low slope, half-bowl shaped (crescent shaped) are created at high altitudes in the mountains margin by the erosion of mountain glacier (Ahmadi, Feiznia, 2012). The form of circus is a reflection of topography, geology, type and duration of glaciers (Derruau 1990). Distribution of circus and glaciers with different dimensions in particular mountain range depends not only on the topography of the mountain, but also on the slope direction (the sun) and the wind (Motamed (2003). The morphological effects of Quaternary glacial in Iran had been known, at least from the late 19th century (Jedari Eivazi, 2011). There is no comprehensive study about different shapes of the circus like land forms which have been created by lithology, direction and an amount of slope and territorial levels. The study area lies on the political sphere of three provinces of Kurdistan, Kermanshah and Hamadan between 34.752 to 35.223 latitudes (northern degrees) and 47.411 to 47.416 longitude (eastern degrees).  In the study area, 52 circuses were identified, 20 of which belong to the north-northeast slopes, and the rest have been located in the south-southwest slopes. Initially, north-eastern and south-western slopes of Qorveh's mountainous region were divided based on the Wright method. An altitude, which 60% of circuses were higher than it, was considered as the permanent snow line altitude after identifying and counting the circus area according to the curved lines form and they were sorted in a descending order. The snow line altitude was estimated as 2,200 meters in the study area, and the snow line altitude difference in the northern and southern slopes was negligible. Circuses were divided into three categories due to the differences in the appearance (valley circus, domain circus, crater circus). The difference between valley circus and crater circus is that the valley circuses are extended along the foothills by the very small circus floor, long and narrow valley, while the crater circus is perfectly circular, wide and is surrounded by steep mountains. This kind of circus in southern slopes have extended in narrow and long valley along the foothills; on the other hand, in the northern slopes, they extended in wide valleys with no clear boundaries with ther neighboring lowlands. Domain circus was considered as an indicator to evaluate the characteristics of the study area's circuses. 2- Methodology Qorveh, Asadabad, Chenar Sofla, Kamshgran, Bolbolan Abad, Satre, Sonqor and Kangavar 1: 50,000 Topographic maps (Figure 2) and satellite images are among the investigated documents. Slopes of the snow line altitude was examined due to the impact of the slope direction on the permanent snow line altitude, because the effect of the slope direction on the solar altitude angle and precipitation is reflected in the land forms. According to the slope direction and the amount of it in the circus basins, the differences in circus features were explained. In this regard, the amount of avalanche of fertility or feeding in association with the amount of directon were used. 3- Results The results show that the effect of land slope direction has reflected in circus morphology rather than in the snow line altitude. This means in both northern and southern slopes, the crater-like land forms have caused concentration of glaciers in early drill, and the ice circus had little role in the development of their own. The slope of the land has completely destroyed the wall of early plains craters in the northern slopes, and the circuses are associated with lowlands by the wide open valley. In the southern slopes, circuses are connected with the surrounding area by long and narrow valley, and have maintained their crater-like forms more than the northern slopes. 4- Discussion and Conclusions The mountain peaks around the circus are almost all in the same height range, higher than 2800 meters, and connected with circular circus floor with the diameter of more than 4 km, and the valley width of less than 500 m. Such features in the form of main circus in the area refer to the existence of multiple crater forms in Quaternary in cold periods, and have provided fertile ground for the snow driven by the wind and avalanche. These features have influenced the scattering of circuses, in such a way that the dominant aspect of Qorveh mountain range had little impact on the Quaternary permanent snow line altitude. However, the direction affects the permanent snow line and the shape of the circus. The direction has effects not only on the snow line altitude, but also on the shapes of the circus in the study area. The difference between the snow line altitude in the northeastern slopes, which have better feeding situation, and the snow line altitude in the southwestern slopes is not noticeable due to the impact of the direction. Based on Chorly et al. (2007), Mo'ayyeri et al. (2011), Ramesht and Shoshtari (2004) and Talebi’s (2002) findings, the northeast direction is the best direction to form a glacial cirque. The difference in the feeding or melting status of the glacier in the Qorveh mountainous area is not reflected in the permanent snow line, rather its reflection is evident in the shape of land forms resulting from the external processes.}, Keywords = { Circus, Glacier, Craters, Volcanoes, Quaternary.}, volume = {7}, Number = {2}, pages = {1-15}, publisher = {University of Hormozgan}, url = {http://magazine.hormozgan.ac.ir/article-1-290-en.html}, eprint = {http://magazine.hormozgan.ac.ir/article-1-290-en.pdf}, journal = {Environmental Erosion Research Journal}, issn = {2251-7812}, eissn = {2717-3968}, year = {2017} } @article{ author = {Akbari, Maryam and Bashiri, Mehdi and Rangavar, Abdossaleh}, title = {Application of Data-Mining Algorithms in the Sensitivity Analysis and Zoning of Areas Prone to Gully Erosion in the Indicator Watersheds of Khorasan Razavi Province}, abstract ={Extended abstract 1- Introduction Gully erosion is one of the most important sources of sediment in the watersheds and a common phenomenon in semi-arid climate that affects vast areas with different morphological, soil and climatic conditions. This type of erosion is very dangerous due to the transfer of fertile soil horizons, and the reduction of water holding capacity also is a factor for soil instability and erosion creating problems for the functioning of agricultural machines. Hence, the identification of effective factors in the formation and development of gully, plays an important role in the watershed management and prevention of land degradation in the direction of sustainable development. There are few studies regarding the application of different data mining methods to determine the effective variables in the occurrence of gullies and most studies are based on the other statistical methods. Data mining is called as knowledge discovery in databases and is a way to discover new and potential beneficial information through lots of information. Some of the most important data mining algorithms include the decision tree, random forest, boosting aggregate demand, support vector machine, logistic regression and neural network algorithms. Given that the data mining extracts useful information from large volumes of data and has shown a good performance, therefore, the aim of the present study is the prioritization of environmental factors affecting the occurrence of gully erosion including the altitude, slope, aspect, climate, land use, land capability, lithology, flood zones, evaporation, rainfall, temperature, distance from road, distance from fault, distance from river, topographic wetness index, sediment transport index and stream power index using data mining algorithms and zoning its sensitivity using bivariate statistical models of information value and area density in five Shekarkalat, Qarehtikan, Komajkhoore Dargaz, Sabzevar Kaloots and Mooshak-Kashmar watersheds in the Khorasan Razavi province. 2- Methodology The present study aimed at investigating the factors affecting the occurrence of gully erosion and its zoning in the five Shekarkalat, Qarehtikan, Komajkhoore Dargaz, Sabzevar Kaloots and Mooshak-Kashmar watersheds in the Khorasan-Razavi province. Within these five watersheds, 15 representative gullies were selected and subsequently, the distribution map of gullies in these watersheds were prepared. Then, each of the factors affecting the occurrence of gully erosion in the study areas consisting of 17 information layers including altitude, slope, aspect, climate, land use, land capability, lithology, flood zones, evaporation, rainfall, temperature, distance from road, distance from fault, distance from river, topographic wetness index, sediment transport index and stream power index were prepared and digitized using the ArcGIS10.3 software. By using data mining algorithms in the R software, the factors affecting the gully formation were introduced. Finally, the gully erosion hazard zonation in the GIS was done using bivariate statistical models. 3- Results The results of data mining algorithms showed that the distance from road, lithology, slope, aspect, stream power index, sediment transport index and topographic wetness index variables were the most important factors in the occurrence of gully erosion. According to the obtained zoning map and also the weight of  classes for each parameter, the slope between 0 to 5 degrees, the northeast and southeast directions, a distance more than 2000 m from roads, glauconite sandstone class in the lithology layer and classes with high levels of the secondary topographic indicators had the highest weight and effect on the occurrence of gully erosion in the study areas. The evaluation results of the zoning map using the information value and area density methods based on the weighted quantitative amounts showed that in the information value method, 98.08 % and 1.92% of the gullies were located at the medium and high hazard zones, respectively and in the area density method, 100% of the gullies were located at the very low hazard zone. The results indicated that the areas prone to gully erosion were not detected in high accuracy but the information value method was more favorable than the density area method. 4- Discussion and Conclusions According to the results of this research, the distance from road, lithology, slope, aspect, stream power index, sediment transport index and topographic wetness index variables considered as the most important factors in the occurrence of gully erosion. Although the factors such as lithology, slope, aspect and the secondary topographic indicators (topographic wetness index, sediment transport index and stream power index), which were identified as the most important factors influencing the development of gully in this research, were classified as natural factors, they could be influenced by human factors. Therefore, the sensitivity of the lithological units should well noted. Also, controlling the stream flows, implementing of management plans especially in low slopes and vegetation regeneration, which increase the surface roughness coefficient and decrease the runoff velocity and ultimately control the gully erosion, is essential. In case of zoning with the two methods of information value and area density, it follows that the information value method is more appropriate than the area density method.}, Keywords = {Area Density, Data Mining, Hazard Zonation, Information Value, Water Erosion}, volume = {7}, Number = {2}, pages = {16-42}, publisher = {University of Hormozgan}, url = {http://magazine.hormozgan.ac.ir/article-1-387-en.html}, eprint = {http://magazine.hormozgan.ac.ir/article-1-387-en.pdf}, journal = {Environmental Erosion Research Journal}, issn = {2251-7812}, eissn = {2717-3968}, year = {2017} } @article{ author = {Khoshakhlagh, Faramrz and Moradimoghadam, Mohamadamin and Mohamadi, hossein and Mahoutchi, Mohamadhass}, title = {Assessing the Effects of Global Warming on the Areas Susceptible to Wind Erosion in the West of Central Plains and the East of Central Zagros Mountains of Iran}, abstract ={Extended abstract     1- Introduction     Climate change is one of the problems human is facing today, and most of the scientific societies know that it is rooted in the distribution of greenhouse gases. Distribution of greenhouse gases with large volumes and in large spans has been affecting the energy budget and consequently has caused earth rapid temperature increase during the last decades. On the other hand, such a growth of world means temperature has changed the amount, type and spatiotemporal pattern of precipitation and it is forecasted that it will affect the hydrological cycle in the future decades, severely. Different Changes of moisture and thermal components as inputs for the organized systems of nature means that (under present condition which can be called rapid change era) we should wait for the consequences of irreversible human manipulations on the nature. The damages caused by wind erosion on the environment, health and economy are vast. These damages occur at the removal place and also at the places where the particles of soil deposit. Wind erosion entails the loss of soil fertility, the damage to infrastructure and railway lines, the limitation of the life of plant and animal species, the occurrence of severe dust storms and air quality fall, increase in respiratory problems and illnesses, and desertification. Several factors contribute to the erosion of the soil by the wind. For example, to determine the severity of wind erosion in the IRIFR model, 9 different factors are used. The Raizal model, which is a software program, determines the amount of soil erosion in terms of the physical condition of the land, including the soil, climate, and region. A point among all the wind erosion models is that the climate factors are the most effective factors in creating wind erosion. Wind erosion is one of the most important factors in soil erosion in the arid and semi-arid regions. Iran, due to its location in the arid and semi-arid belt of the Earth, is one of the areas that exposed to wind erosion. Most of the researches on wind erosion in Iran have been in the central and desert regions of Iran, whereas other parts of Iran also affected by this phenomenon. One aspect of the climate change includes the changes in soil erosion susceptibility from the wind. If the climate becomes dry, the wind erosion will increase. This study investigated the effects of global warming on the soil erosion caused by the wind in the West Central Plains and the East central Zagros mountains of Iran.   2- Methodology    Wind erosion is a process where soil particles detached from the surface and moved by the wind. Several factors contribute to the creation of wind erodibility including lithology, topography, climate, land use and vegetation. Climate conditions among these factors is the most effective one due to the fact that the climate conditions influence the other factors such as land use, vegetation, and even the surface layers of lithology and topography in the long term. This article focused on climatic aspect of influencing factors on the soil wind erodibility.    The study area was limited to Khoramabad (48.17 E, 33.26 N), Kashan (51.27 E, 33.59 N), Yazd (54.17 E, 31.54 N) and Yasuj (51.41 E, 3050 N) contexts. Louis Peltier, using two climate indices, i.e. rainfall and temperature, determines the susceptibility of the soil erosion by the wind. For the zoning of the areas susceptible to the wind erosion, Louis Peltier's model used. In order to choose a suitable model for predicting the temperature and precipitation values under the effects of global warming‌, MAGICC SCENGEN model used. This composite model used for evaluating the climate change due to the greenhouse gases.     3-Results    The results showed that in the regions of the West Central plains of Iran in the current period which had low rainfall and relatively high temperature, the wind plays an important role in the soil erosion. According to Peltier's classification, wind erosion is severe in these areas. While passing through these areas to the eastern slopes of the central Zagros Mountains, the rate of wind erosion reduced. In these areas, the wind erosion is moderate. In the highlands of the Zagros Mountains, undergoing low temperature and relatively high rainfall, the wind has very little role in the erosion of the soil. The results also showed that due to global warming, the areas with severe wind erosion would expand.   4- Discussion and Conclusion    Because Iran is located in the arid and semi-arid belt of the Earth, it can regarded as one of the areas susceptible to wind erosion. This study indicated that the climate factors, the most important of which are temperature and rainfall, have created the conditions for wind erosion in Iran. Wind erosion is so severe in the large parts of the study area. Only in the highlands of the Zagros Mountains, due to higher rainfalls and lower temperatures and thus maintaining the soil moisture, the wind cannot cause soil erosion. This study showed that global warming could play a major role in the development of the regions where the wind erosion is severe. Hence, in land use and infrastructure planning, the type of the wind erosion in the current period as well as in the future periods must take into account.  }, Keywords = {Central plain, Zagros Mountains, Global Warming, Peltier's model, Wind Erosion}, volume = {7}, Number = {2}, pages = {43-58}, publisher = {University of Hormozgan}, url = {http://magazine.hormozgan.ac.ir/article-1-390-en.html}, eprint = {http://magazine.hormozgan.ac.ir/article-1-390-en.pdf}, journal = {Environmental Erosion Research Journal}, issn = {2251-7812}, eissn = {2717-3968}, year = {2017} } @article{ author = {Khazaei, majid and Nohegar, ahmad and Mahdavi, rasol and Telvari, abdrasol}, title = {Investigating the Banks Sensitive to Erosion with an Emphasis on Geological, Geometric, and Hydraulic Characteristics: A Case Study of Bashar River}, abstract ={Extended abstract Introduction The vital need for river management is understood and predicts bank erosion processes. River bank erosion is one of the sediment major sources for many rivers across the world. Bank erosion is a key process in fluvial dynamics, affecting a wide range of physical, ecological and socio-economic issues in the fluvial environment. These include the establishment and evolution of river and floodplain morphology and their associated habitats, turbidity problems, sediment, nutrient and contaminant dynamics, loss of riparian lands, and associated threats to flood defense and transportation infrastructure. Moreover, recent studies have shown that the contribution of bank-derived sediments to catchment sediment budgets may be higher than what previously thought. The study of the factors influencing Bank Geomorphology and Erosion requires basic information on geological, hydraulic and geometric characteristics. Therefore, the main aim of this paper is to study the stream banks susceptible to bank erosion in Bashar River.   Methodology   2-1- Geometry and Morphology of Beshar River  In order to understand the mechanism of the lateral erosion, the morphology of the Bashar River was identified through digitizing the Landsat satellite image in the ENVI software. After making necessary corrections, the geometric properties and the river morphological parameters were determined in the AutoCAD software. The most important indicators used in this study included the central angle of the grunge, the bending coefficient, relative radius and Meandander width and length. To calculate each of the indicators, refer to the guide for river morphological studies.   2-2-Geology of Beshar River: In order to study the geological condition of the  Beshar river, the geology map of Bashar watershed was prepared using a map of 1/400,000 Geological organization; then the map of Bashar's main river was overlapped with the geological formations map and the geological map of the river was extracted.   2-3- Shear Stress The reach of Beshar river with a length of 10-km was selected and the hydraulic, morphologic and geologic characteristics were studied. Then, the critical shear stress was computed using the empirical relations based on the soil parameters.   2-3-1- Near-Bank Shear Stress In order to determine the erosion reaches of Beshar river, shear stress coefficient was used which was calculated according to the ratio of the curvature radius to the river's width.   2-3-2-Total Shear Stress Shear Stress (t) is a measure of the force of friction from a fluid acting on a body in the path of that fluid. In the case of open channel flow, it is the force of moving water against the bed of the channel. Shear stress is calculated as: 2-3-2- Critical Shear Stress   2-3-3-Relative Bed Stability Index   3- Results The results showed that Bashar river has more than 100 large and small meander. Curvature coefficient in reach located in the kilometers of 7-14 and 75-85, is equal to 1.4. Critical shear stress index indicated that the reach of Beshar river located in 10km is instable (τc> τ and RBS< 1 and FS<1). The results showed that the shear stresses calculated for the east, west and bed cross-sections are instable (facror safety<1). Also, the rate of bed stability index is less than one in most sections. The results inicated that the shear stresses calculated for the cross sections are more than thershold amount. The average shear stress on the eastern and western banks are 8.85 and 14.87 kg / m2, respectively Whereas Permissible shear stresses average in the eastern and western banks are 61.93 and 61.76 kg / m2, respectively. Therefore, shear stress average of the river bank is less than the Permissible shear stress average. Also, the shear stress average of the river bed is equal to 17.44 kg / m2 and the bed Permissible shear stress mean of river bed is 78.17 kg / m2. Therefore, the average shear stress tolerance is lower than the shear stress average on the bed. 4- Discussion and Conclusions Results indicated that the reach of Beshar River, crossing the silt formations, has a high level of sensitivity to erosion bank. More than 50 km of the Beshar River crosses Asmari formation. The long length of Beshar River contains alluvial sediments, which is located on Asmari formation. The effect of shear stress on the cross-sections of Beshar River indicated that the shear stresses on the riverbed and bank are more than the Permissible shear stress. Also, the bed stability index is less than one, which indicates the instability of Beshar River in the selected reach, which is in line with the findings of Ghaffari et al (2006), who reached similar results in terms of Babol River. On the outer side, the amount of shear stress in the river bank is less than the main channel, so that in the river meanders, the amount of shear stress and the amount of bank erosion increased.}, Keywords = {Bashar River Erosion, Morphology, Safety Factor, Sheer stress}, volume = {7}, Number = {2}, pages = {59-77}, publisher = {University of Hormozgan}, url = {http://magazine.hormozgan.ac.ir/article-1-285-en.html}, eprint = {http://magazine.hormozgan.ac.ir/article-1-285-en.pdf}, journal = {Environmental Erosion Research Journal}, issn = {2251-7812}, eissn = {2717-3968}, year = {2017} } @article{ author = {Lahijanzadeh, Ahmadreza and Zarasvandi, Alireza and Shoaei, Ziauddin and Heidari, Majid and Jalali, Sedigheh and Fereydouni, Zahr}, title = {Spatio-Temporal, Mineralogy and Micro-Morphology of Dust Occurrences and Centers with Internal Sources in the Khouzestan Province}, abstract ={Extended abstract 1- Introduction Dust occurrences as natural events are common in arid, semi-arid and desert areas. Investigation of the dust with internal sources in the Khuzestan province including about 15 percent of the dust events coming to the region and the presence of the annual average of 50 times of the internal dust (with the concentration maximum of PM10 particles more than 8000ppm in Khuzestan) is very important. Recently, air pollution due to the occurrence of dust is one of the worst environmental problems in the western and southwestern Iran, especially the Khouzestan province. Dust mineralogy is an important factor in source identification of the particles. In this way, frequency, distribution, mineralogy and morphology of the internal dust and so the depositional centers susceptible to dust production in this province were studied for the first time. The source, generation, transport and sediment of dust have been paid significant attention by the scientific community. Investigations of dust events are important because of the impact of the dust on the environment, particularly on the health and human biological system. The regional dust had negative effects on the health of human life which can cause asthma, bronchitis and lung diseases due to their carrying micro-organisms. Dust causes severe soil erosion, desertification, and a significant reduction in the agricultural production and farming as well. Thus, such a crisis is concerned with economic consequences in the short- and long-term periods. In this way, distribution, mineralogy and morphology of the internal dust and so depositional centers susceptible to dust producing in this province were studied for the first time. 2- Methodology At first, the frequency and the spatial-temporal data related to the internal dust (Code 07) over the 2009-2015 periods were investigated using 13 synoptic data stations in Khuzestan. 32 TSP samples of dust and 65 sediment sample were taken. Mineralogical study of the 11 dust samples associated with 11 sediments samples were determined by X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) using Philips 3040 PW at Kansaran Binaloud Company in Pardis Science and Technology Park, Tehran, Iran. With regard to morphology studies, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) was used on 20 internal and external dust samples at the central laboratory of Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz (LEO 1455 VP). Also, grading analysis of the erosional zones using LPSA method and Q10- Q50- Q90% standards were done on 11 samples at the central laboratory in Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Iran. 3- Results The obtained data shows 406 times internal dust in the studied period. Also, the internal dust has a continuity between 1-3 day(s). Bostan, the northeastern city, with the annual frequency of 78 days, has the maximum, and Izeh and Masjid Suleiman, with the annual mean of 6 days, has the minimum duration of the dust in the province. With regard to time, the year of 2009 and the month of June have experienced the largest amounts of dust. Also, the frequency and duration of the internal-derived dust are compatible with the east-western and north-southern increasing trend. The temperature, height, relative humidity and precipitation indexes do not show the same pattern as the frequency of the internal dust in 2009-June, 2015 period. 4- Discussion & Conclusions Mineralogical study of the 11 dust samples and 11 sediments samples using XRD shows that carbonates, silicates and evaporates are the main mineralogy composition of the internal dust and the erosional sediments in Khuzestan. Halite and dolomite are considered as the main minerals of dust particles, respectively, in over the 70 and 30 percent of the samples, respectively. Evaporate minerals such as gypsum and halite are found more in the internal dust compared with the external dust coming to Khuzestan. Also, quartz frequency in the internal dust occurrences is about 45% more than the dust occurrences from the neighboring country. In addition, minor minerals such as albite are present in all the samples and the other minerals including gypsum, chlorite, illite, and muscovite are the minor minerals in the dust samples as well. SEM analysis shows that spherical and crystalline shapes are the most abundant ones in the dust with calcite, quartz and halite composition. Grading analysis of the erosional zones using LPSA method and Q10- Q50- Q90% standards, illustrates high amounts of silt particles in the Province. But clay distribution was seen in 10-35% of the samples. 15-24 µm is the predominant grading range in Khuzestan. Mean grading of these samples with about 18.9 µm, is a sign of dust-producing potential of all the desert centers in the Khuzestan province. }, Keywords = {Khuzestan, Grading, Morphology, Mineralogy, Internal dust}, volume = {7}, Number = {2}, pages = {78-100}, publisher = {University of Hormozgan}, url = {http://magazine.hormozgan.ac.ir/article-1-397-en.html}, eprint = {http://magazine.hormozgan.ac.ir/article-1-397-en.pdf}, journal = {Environmental Erosion Research Journal}, issn = {2251-7812}, eissn = {2717-3968}, year = {2017} } @article{ author = {Maghsoudi, 1Mehran and Mahboobi, Sedigheh and Baharvand, Mehdi and Khanbabai, Zahra and Mohammadi, Abotaleb}, title = {Statistical Analysis of Sediment Diameter of West Lut Desert Barchan and the Study of their Type and Origin}, abstract ={Extended abstract 1- Introduction     Granulometric analysis is a common tool used to understand and determine the origin of wind sands, and is applied in desertification studies; to realize such knowledge, the parameters of sand particles size as well as statistical analysis such as mean, standard deviation, kurtosis, skewness, etc. are used. One of the most common types of sand dunes formed by accumulation of sand in desert areas is crescent-shape dune known as Barchan. The most prominent features of such dunes are mobility and lateral movements which transform them into the heart of crisis and threat to the urban and rural residential areas as well as economic, army and communication centers. Barchans are produced in the lands where the sand fails to fully cover the surface area and the wind action is predominant from one direction. The main location of Barchan dunes is between the original wind source and the main dune concentration areas. They are crescent-shape, and possess two "horns" that face downwind and two gentle and sleeper slopes. There is a ridge in between the two slopes. Barchans are produced by the moving sands, appearing convex, and wind action predominately from one direction, and might gradually migrate. The most prominent features of this phenomenon are mobility and lateral movements with specific annual trends. 3- Methodology    The research have investigated the granulometric characteristics of 7 barchans in Pashuiyeh, western Lut. Up to 42 samples have been taken from different parts of the dunes. These parts are right horn, left horn, lee slope, two samples from windward slope, and the crest. From each sample, 100 g of sediments have been separately sieved by the shaker, and then weighed, and the measurements have been transferred into GRADISTAT to analyze the data. In this step, various coefficients and granulometric components of the grains, such as K2f coefficient (chromobin sorting index), percentage of component particle size, uniformity or alignment, middle, faces, mean particle size, bending and stretching of particles using statistical relationships of Folk and Ward (1957) were applied. 4- Results    The greatest mean size belongs to Barchan number 3 (2.502 j). This is because the dunes are located in alluvial fans. The greatest proportion of particle size refers to sand particles. All dunes have good sorting and due to fine grained particles they have also a sym­metrical skewness. All Barchans, from the origin point of view are single-origin with a relatively good particle size and the type of texture in all is sand. The components of Barchans are all single-origin (Single-origin grain stipulates that the sediment, the water, or the wind were single-origin). Flooding from the mountains of the west to the Yardang creates streams in the region with fine-grained sediments which form a part of the sedimentation of the Barchans. For this reason, the chromaticity coefficient is based on the river sediments. The statistical results indicate that Barchans number 1 and 6 are more of a microfiber. Barchan number 6 is smaller than all the others which might be attributed to the fact that it can be split from asymmetrical Barchan behind it. Barchans numbers 2 and 7 contain the highest amount of sand. The reason of this very fact in Barchan 2 might be attributed to the tilled and abandoned farmlands around the village. These lands, which have destroyed the hard surface of the desert and are abandoned, provide a very good source of sand accessible for regional wind, traveling from the northwest. Barchan number 7, in addition to being in line with an asymmetrical and large Barchan, is located in the dry path of the streams caused by a large conifer, which provides a lot of sandy sediments for this Barchan. The least amount of sand belongs to Barchans 4 and 5. These barchans are exposed to the dry, large rivers of the area, and therefore, it is provided with more fine-grained sand material, which confirms the presence of mud aggregates and fine-grains. The amount of mud in Barchans 4 and 5 was higher, first, due to the presence of floods stuck behind these Barchans with fine-grained sediments, leading to an increase in finer materials in these Barchans, and second, due to the fact that these Barchans are on the track or behind the cloves, which are generally fine-grained. 4- Discussion and Conclusions    According to the results, including crumbin coefficient, despite common perceptions of the origin of Barchan sediments, the sediments of under-study Barchans were mostly water and river sediments and due to their location by the end of the alluvial fans, they are mostly fine-grained and mobile. In most of the studies of sand dunes, as it is already known in the background, either types of sand dunes including Barchans is studied in terms of their morphometric and granulometric measurements. Most of these studies consider the source of these desert sand dunes as wind sediments. However, in this research, in addition to the morphometric and granulometric studies of Barchans, the wind sediment element in these dunes was ignored to achieve new results; upon the completion of laboratory and software processes, interesting results were gained which were different from what is attained concerning desert dunes and particle size and grain origins. These results indicate that in the study area, the Barchans have no wind origin but are the results of water and stream sediments. This result, prior to this study, in the desert area of study was unperceivable and the result is achieved through in-depth studies and scrutiny over these sand dunes within the area.}, Keywords = {Barchans, Granulometry, Morphology, Pashuiyeh, Rig-e-Lut}, volume = {7}, Number = {2}, pages = {101-125}, publisher = {University of Hormozgan}, url = {http://magazine.hormozgan.ac.ir/article-1-379-en.html}, eprint = {http://magazine.hormozgan.ac.ir/article-1-379-en.pdf}, journal = {Environmental Erosion Research Journal}, issn = {2251-7812}, eissn = {2717-3968}, year = {2017} }