University of Hormozgan
Environmental Erosion Research Journal
2251-7812
2717-3968
4
3
2014
11
1
Exploring relation between Environmental Indexes and Soil erotion for sustainable development
1
18
FA
mona
ghazizadeh
ghazizadeh_mona@yahoo.com
Y
ahmad
nohegar
ahmad.nohegar@gmail.com
N
N
Today, with increasing human population and more usage of natural resources is cause of needing to environmental management more than before. Global experiments show that appearance of unsustainability environmental Indexes is the cause of undesirable natural resources management and harmful effects on environmental. Thus attention to sustainable development principle that is based on advantage use of natural and environmental resources is an emergency factor so that no harm to resources. Soil erosion is most important factor of degradation in watersheds. Also protection management for sustainable operation from natural resources need to diagnose and studding about environmental indexes and their relationship beside the human factor effects. Studding of relationship between environmental indexes on soil erosion with MPSIAK model is the purpose of this study on Ravang watershed (Minab: Hormozgan). We use MPSIAK model because of more analysis of environmental indexes than other models and for estimate erosion rate and correlation between factors. Using of base map and statistical data shows that 6/88 M.tons of sediment extract per year from Ravang watershed and level of sedimentation and erosion grading is in 3 classes III, IV, V and 74/57 % of its area 7980/38 h is in III level sedimentation. Amounts of relation between environmental indexes with using of Pierson correlation coefficient has done in SPSS and results show that significance between all indexes with emphasis of land cover and land use.
environmental Index, MPSIAC Model, Sustainable Development, Ravang Watershed
http://magazine.hormozgan.ac.ir/article-1-230-en.html
http://magazine.hormozgan.ac.ir/article-1-230-en.pdf
University of Hormozgan
Environmental Erosion Research Journal
2251-7812
2717-3968
4
3
2014
11
1
The impact of Rangelands conversion to dry-farming on the loss of organic carbon and nitrogen of soil in the vicinity of Sanandaj
19
32
FA
hjoneidi@ut.ac.ir
Y
zahranazari@yahoo.com
N
pkaram2002@gmail.com
N
ahramgholinejad@yahoo.com
N
To determine the effect of conversion of rangelands to dry land farming on losses of carbon and nitrogen, Dryland farming areas and adjacent rangelands were determined. Popular areas in each of the treatments were determined and soil sampling was done. Treatments were chosen so that each treatment and the surrounding area (control), topography and climate characteristics are the same and the only variable factor is land use. Treatments were choice according the characteristics such as the diversity of cultures (annuals orperennials) and physiographic (slope, aspect and elevation). To study the physical and chemical properties of soil, 3 profiles were dugin each Treatments and a total of 45 soil profiles were excavated. Data analysis was done using the student t-test and analysis of variance. The results showed conversion of rengelands to drylands farming effect on carbon and nitrogen stocks in ecosystem. Conversion of pasture to cropand leads to reducedby an average of 44.5 in soil organic carbon content. Peacultivation reduces the carbon content of the soil (44.8%). Viticulture and almond decreased soil organic carbon by 24.2% and 30.2%, respectively. Thus, planting grapes were detectedas the best in terms of maintaining stocks carbon and nitrogen.
Carbon and Nitrogen storage, Land use change, Rangelands, Dry-farming
http://magazine.hormozgan.ac.ir/article-1-202-en.html
http://magazine.hormozgan.ac.ir/article-1-202-en.pdf
University of Hormozgan
Environmental Erosion Research Journal
2251-7812
2717-3968
4
3
2014
11
1
Designing a multi-objective optimization model of Management Canopy, based on genetic algorithms Approach to soil conservation - Case study: Kerman- Roodbar watershed
33
46
FA
1- Ali Akbar
Matkan
Shahid Beheshti University
an@sbu.ac.ir
N
2- Mohammad
Tanasan
Shahid Beheshti University
tanasan.mohammad@gmail.com
Y
3- Alireza
Shakiba
Shahid Beheshti University
mypauk@yahoo.com
N
4- Babak
Mirbagheri
Shahid Beheshti University
b_mirbagheri@sbu.ac.ir
N
5- kamal
Akbari
Shahid Beheshti University
kamalakbari7@gmail.com
N
6- Mehran
Shaygan
KhajeNasirUniversity
mehranshaygan@gmail.com
N
Reducing the amount and intensity of surface runoff, thus reducing erosion is one of the important aspects of natural resource management, watershed management and soil conservation. Land surface conditions and particularly vegetation is Mitigating or aggravating factor in erosion. Studies on the effect of ground cover to reduce erosion rates indicate that is not necessary to ground cover to reduce erosion. The purpose of this research is to design a model to optimize pasture cover, NSGA-II algorithm is based on the GIS platform. To illustrate identified areas whit the sensitivity of the corrosive medium to large and studied of grassland types, then using the ability NSGA-II algorithm’s to determined optimum percentage of canopy. Output of the model might be introduced patterns for canopy that reduction of erosion to an acceptable level and enhancing the economic benefits. The developed model in the study was implemented in Kerman-Rodbar watershed Evaluation results show that the model is able to suggest patterns to canopy planning that reduce erosion with and enhancing the economic benefits that each of these patterns for canopy will be selected and implemented in based on local conditions and expertise. One of the patterns, capable reduce erosion of 4.3 in current situation to about 1.2, Without charge, but with proper management Canopy That it is Show The importance of proper management of Coverage. In this study, use of Hyper Volume and Value Path methods for the efficiency and accuracy of model. The results show that the model is able to good optimization process and results of the model will be reliable.
Optimization, Percentage of Canopy, Reduce Erosion, GIS
http://magazine.hormozgan.ac.ir/article-1-109-en.html
http://magazine.hormozgan.ac.ir/article-1-109-en.pdf
University of Hormozgan
Environmental Erosion Research Journal
2251-7812
2717-3968
4
3
2014
11
1
Assessment corrective methods for estimating suspended sediment (Case Study: Beshaar Watershed)
47
57
FA
Ali
Dastranj
Hormozgan University
dastranj66@gmail.com
N
Majid
Kazemi
Hormozgan University
khazayi64@gmail.com
Y
Mohamad
Kazemi
Hormozgan University
mohamad.kazemi86@gmail.com
N
Sanaz
Falah
Hormozgan University
sanaz.falah@yahoo.com
N
Behzad
Adeli
Hormozgan University
adeli-behzad@yahoo.com
N
Regression equations of sediment rating curves are too biased due to the logarithmic of the discharge and suspended sediment data. In this study, correction coefficients were used to improve the results of river sediment estimation methods in Bashar and Zohreh hydrometric stations with different indices of accuracy and precision. The present study aims to evaluate the performance of five methods of rating curve including FAO, MVUE, QMLE, LRC, Ls in the case of intermediate categories and no category situations. Root mean square of error and coefficient of efficiency indicators were used to evaluate the performance of sediment rating curves and to choose the best of them. Results of root mean square of error and coefficient of efficiency indicators computation indicates that in the Bashar station LQMLE method is provided maximum coefficient of efficiency (CE=92) and the minimum error (RMSE=0.38) and LS method had the lowest coefficient of efficiency and highest error (CE=86 and RMSE=0.94). In normal state the same results has been obtained. Zohreh station correction coefficients results showed that the maximum coefficient of efficiency is related to LQMLE (CE=95) and FAO had lowest coefficient of efficiency and the highest root mean square of error (CE= -1.58 and RMSE=2.48). In normally condition the LRC method has achieved maximum coefficient of efficiency and minimum error (CE=95) and (RMSE=0.53). On the other hand, amongst the different methods, LS is provided the lowest coefficient of efficiency and the highest root mean square of error (CE=-7 and RMSE=3.88). In general, by application of different methods and different correction coefficients of sediment rating curves in cases of non-classified data and the intermediate state, concluded that in most models the LQMLE and LRC is the best method of calculating sediment.
Corrective methods, Estimation, Rating curve, Suspended sediment, Watershed
http://magazine.hormozgan.ac.ir/article-1-93-en.html
http://magazine.hormozgan.ac.ir/article-1-93-en.pdf
University of Hormozgan
Environmental Erosion Research Journal
2251-7812
2717-3968
4
3
2014
11
1
Comparison the characteristics of grain size and morphoscopy in new and old wind deposits for sand sources determination in Damghan Erg
58
71
FA
Sayyed Mohammad Hussein
Ahmadpanah
-
smhahmadpanah@yahoo.com
Y
Haide
Ara
-
ara10857@yahoo.com
N
Naser
Mashhadi
-
nmashhad@ut.ac.ir
N
Mohammad kia
Kianian
-
kianian5641@gmail.com
N
Dariush
Ghorbanian
-
darghorbanian@yahoo.com
N
Grain size is one of the most obvious characteristics in many studies of Aeolian erosion, Ergs, moving of sand dune, etc. Comparison of Grain size and morphoscopy between new and old sand dunes in an Erg, help us to identify the sources sand and control reactivity sand dunes. This study, as first step, by aerial photography and satellite imagery attempting to identify areas were sedimented. Then Sediment samples took place from the new and old sand dunes and Sediment grain size parameters were evaluated and compared. By the statistical analysis determined that, there were no significant differences in the mean of diameter and median in new and old sand dunes. But the mean of skewness and kurtosis was shown to have difference. The mean of diameter in new sand dune is 176 µ and old one is 160.4 µ. In the old sand dunes Skewness were positive and in new one is negative. The mean of moving distance in new sand dune is less than old one. Because old sand dunes have Haloxylon plants we observe Particles less than 64 microns and greater than 500 microns. Morphoscopy compared showed that the new sand dunes have a halo form with a little roundness that indicating sediment transport by wind and old one have bright form and angular that indicating sediment transport by water.
Damghan Erg, New Sand dune, Old Sand dune, Grain Size.
http://magazine.hormozgan.ac.ir/article-1-91-en.html
http://magazine.hormozgan.ac.ir/article-1-91-en.pdf
University of Hormozgan
Environmental Erosion Research Journal
2251-7812
2717-3968
4
3
2014
11
1
CHANGE OF SPLASH EROSION RATE IN RAINFALL DIFFERENT DURATION AND INTENSITY ON MARL SOILS
72
84
FA
somayeh
Soltani-Gerdefaramarzi
Ardakan University
s_soltany80@yahoo.com
Y
nafiseh
ghezelseflue
Ardakan University
n.ghezelseflu@gmail.com
N
mehdi
Boroghani
tarbeyat modares
mboroghani@yahoo.com
N
Splash erosion is recognized as the first stage in the process of erosion that results in bombardment of the soil;#39s surface with rain drops. Two basic processes in soil erosion are the dispersion of soil particles by rain drops and the changes caused to the soil;#39s structure, which are then moved by runoff. In this research, the effect of various rainfall intensity (60, 90 and 120 mm/hr) on the amount of splash erosion at three rain durations (10, 20 and 30 minute) by the use of laboratory generated rain (FEL3) were analyzed. Experiments were undertaken with marl soil. According to the results, there was significant difference between rain intensity and durations and increased splash erosion. However the interaction effect of rain intensity and duration, were not statistically significant. The statistical analyzes showed when rain duration increased from 10 to 30 minute, the splash erosion enlarged in various rainfall intensity due to destruction of soil aggregates. The most of splash erosion was observed in rain intensity 120 mm/hr and rain duration 30 minute. Also, in rain duration 20 minute with each three rain intensities, due to existence of surface water layer, although splash erosion increased but that was not statistically significant.
Splash erosion, Rain intensity, Duration, Rainfall simulator, Marl soil
http://magazine.hormozgan.ac.ir/article-1-152-en.html
http://magazine.hormozgan.ac.ir/article-1-152-en.pdf