1 2251-7812 University of Hormozgan 45 Evaluation of AHP and Fuzzy Methods in Landslide Accurrence Zonation (Case study: Beheshtabad Basin, ChaharMahal Bakhtiari Province) Asiaie Majid b Tajbakhsh mohhamad c Khashei suqi Abbas d Motevalli Alireza e b yazd uni c Birjand uni d Birjand uni e Yazd uni 1 11 2013 3 3 1 14 11 12 2013 03 02 2015 Landslide is one of the natural disasters which cause a lot of annual damage directly or indirectly in the world. Land use changes and high rainfall are leading causes of creation this phenomenon in Beheshtabad basin. Therefore the effective factors were analyzed in this process. The main aim of this study is comparison of two methods AHP and FAHP that are used in landslide hazard zonation by considering the effective qualities and quantities parameters in this phenomenon. First of all, hazard zonation map was prepared with AHP method using inconsistency rate 7%. Then, fuzzy membership function defined for each parameter, and hazard zonation map was prepared to the base of FAHP method. Finally, two maps were compared by Quality sum method and results show that FAHP method has higher accuracy than AHP but different is not significant. In addition, 57.7% of landslide have been located in moderate elevation with 680-760 mm rainfall in Beheshtabad watershed.
150 Assessment of Watershed Catchment Ecological Power with Taxonomy Method for Watershed Comprehensive Management (Case Study: Watershed Zydasht, Taleghan) 1 11 2013 3 3 15 26 28 06 2014 09 07 2014 Nowadays watershed catchments have been introduced as the main point of permanent development in many management discussions. Watershed catchments ecological power assessment and their rankings according to different Ethological criteria is one of the important factors in watershed catchments planning and management. Taxonomy method is one of the most comprehensive planned systems for assessing the power of related variables in planning and decision making for the future. In this research, four subcatchments of Zidasht catchment located in Taleghan region has been selected. Based on Taxonomy method, four effective variables in watershed catchments management plans (plant composition index, soil protection index, erosion and sediment index, and water quantity index) has been selected. Results demonstrates that the most effective index is the soil protection index and the ranking and the first priority among four selected sub catchments to perform management plants according to four mentioned indexes is D1 zone. The most important indicator of soil conservation index, the D2 sub and DINT1 and DINT2 are next in priority. 123 Determining Land Units Contributions to Suspended Sediment Yield Using Sediment Fingerprinting Method (Case Study: Tull Bane Basin, Golestan Province) heidary kohzad i Najafi nejad Ali j khormali Farhad k baba nejad manochehr l i Agricultural Sciences and Natural resources of Gorgan j Agricultural Sciences and Natural resources of Gorgan k Agricultural Sciences and Natural resources of Gorgan l Golestan University 1 11 2013 3 3 27 38 04 05 2014 09 07 2014 Fingerprint method is one of the new methods to determine the contribution of suspended sediment in the land units. In this method, a suitable composite (set) of diagnostic properties and a multivariate mixing model are employed to estimate the relative contribution of sediment sources to sediments transported to watershed outlet. This research carried out in the Tull Bane watershed with 3278.91ha area, located in the south of Gorgan, Golestan province. This watershed with 14709.97 ton/year sediment yield is one of the most critical watersheds in the province. XRF experiments were used in this study and the 17 compounds were used as tracer. The watershed divided into five land units as well as the main river was divided into three sections. Three samples were taken from each land unit. Samples with two samples of the sediment samples at various watershed outlets as well as a combination of two sediment samples were compared. Test results were analyzed by factor analysis and discriminant analysis. Compounds CaO, SiO2, Rb2O and X2 were considered as tracer. Results showed bank river No. 5 has maximum share in suspended sediment with 19.54 percent. The fingerprinting approach to source ascription is appeared as providing valuable information regarding suspended sediment sources in the study catchments.  50 Evaluation the Efficiency of MUSLE Model in Sediment Load Estimation Resulting from Individual Rain Events in Doviraj River Sub-Basins, Ilam Province karimi haji m fathizad hassan n tavakoli Mohsen o Bazgir Masoud p graee Parviz m Associate Professor, Agriculture Faculty, Ilam University, Iran. n 1- M.Sc. Graduate of Combating Desertification, Faculty of Agriculture, Ilam University, Ilam, Iran o Associate Professor, Agriculture Faculty, Ilam University, Iran. p Department of water Resources, Ilam University, Ilam, Iran 1 11 2013 3 3 39 54 06 01 2014 09 07 2014 Most of our country is located in arid and semiarid climate which have high soil erosion and sediment production, therefore, the study of soil erosion and sediment yield and also evaluation of the effective factors on sediment production are very important in proper management of a watershed. The aim of present study is the efficiency evaluation of MUSLE model in sediment estimation in the storm scale and also its modeling based on storm and runoff characteristics in four sub-basins of Doviraj River watershed in Ilam Province, which finally an optimized model is given for estimation of sediment resulted from the storm. Two storms in different dates (2012.11.22 and 2013.1.30) are used in this research. Results indicate appropriate correspondence in calibration stage between the observed and estimated sediment yield in four sub-basins. But, in validation stage, a high difference between observation and estimation in 1, 2 and 3 sub-basins was observed compared to the 4th sub-basin. The reason of inefficiency of the model in validation stage is related to the vastness of sub-basins. In order to present the appropriate model of the whole area the regression relation has been used, in which the power of runoff factor changed from 0.56 to 0.34, which has a high correlation coefficient. In this case if the other sub-basins of Doviraj watershed have similar vegetation cover, physiography and geology conditions, the modified MUSLE model can be used. 198 Spatio-Temporal Variation of Suspended Sediment Concentration at Downstream of a Sand Mine 1 11 2013 3 3 55 63 21 02 2015 21 02 2015 The growing population led to greater human need to use natural resources such as sand and gravel mines. Direct removal of sands from the bed river leads to increase suspended sediment concentrations in downstream of harvested area and creates other problems viz. filling reservoirs, change in hydraulic characteristics of the channel and environmental damages. However, the range of temporal and spatial effectibility of such human interferes has been rarely considered. The present study, therefore, aimed to investigate the spatial and temporal variation of suspended sediment concentration in the Kojour River in Educational and Research Forest Watershed of Tarbiat Modares University in Mazandaran Province, Iran. Towards this attempt, the effect of a conventional sand and gravel mining on suspended sediment concentrations was studied in a range of 0 to some 4 h and 0 to some 200 m from the beginning and location of mining, respectively. The results showed that the exploitation from a local small sand and gravel mines had remarkable impact on suspended sediment concentration at a distance of approximately 100m and 2 h after mine exploitation. The statistical results by General Linear Model in Repeated Measure factor verified the increasing trend in suspended sediment in range of 50m after about 30 min of mining (P=0.05), while the effect of mining on increasing suspended sediment concentration could be recognized up to 200 m from the location of study up to about 10 min (P=0.01) of time of sand mining. 142 Comparative Assessment of the Effect of Sirjan Salt Playa Nebkhas on Quicksand Stabilization Using AHP Method 1 11 2013 3 3 65 79 10 06 2014 10 06 2014 The exact identification of the limiting factors is necessary for recognition of ‎environmental crisis in every region‎. The invasion of quicksand into human centers is considered one of the important problems of the Sirjan salt playa. Each year the Mobility of quicksand entered damage to settlements, roads and farmland. Nebkas, in local scale, are representing potential of quicksand stabilization by vegetation, in the other word, ecosystem is trying to adjust the pressure of windy erosion and stabilize quicksand by creating this feature. The aim of this study is comparative assessment of Nebkas of Sirjan salt playa and introduction of appropriate type for quicksand stabilization, using analysis of nebka morphometric parameters via Analytical Hierarchy Process model. First morphometric parameters such as volume of nebkha, nebkha elevation, vegetation canopy cover, plant height, nebkha diameter and nebkha slope, 392 nebkhas for species Tamarix mascatensis, Reaumaria Turcestanica, Alhagi manifera and Seidlitzia florida was sampled with transect method. The results show that Tamarix Macatensis Nebka, with weight of 0.615, has the highest importance in stabilization of quicksand. Seidlitzia Florida Nebka, with weight of 0.249, has secondary order. If that is developed and implemented, will have the highest productivity. Reaumuria turcestanica and Alhagi mannifera Nebkas, respectively with weights of 0.070 and 0.064, have the lowest efficiency and their development is not suggested in any way.