زودآیند (تابستان)
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گروه مدیریت و کنترل مناطق بیابانی، دانشکده کویرشناسی و گردشگری، دانشگاه سمنان ، azolfaghari@semnan.ac.ir
چکیده: (421 مشاهده)
فرسایش خاک، تحت تأثیر عواملی چون تغییر اقلیم،تخریب جنگل‌ها، کشاورزی نامناسب و مدیریت نادرست منابع، یکی از چالش‌های مهم زیست‌محیطی است. این پژوهش باهدف سنجش قابلیت نقشهبرداری رقومی خاک (DSM) در افزایش دقت ارزیابی خطر فرسایشخاک در حوضه آبخیز دامغان‌رود بااستفاده از مدل RUSLE به منظور رفع محدودیت‌های موجود در مدلسازی خطر فرسایش در مقیاس‌های محلی انجام شد. تعداد 112 نقطه با استفاده از روش مکعب لاتین (cLHS) انتخاب و نمونهبرداری از خاک و پوششگیاهی صورت گرفت. نقشههای عوامل C، P، LS، K و R در نرم‌افزارهای R-STUDIO و QGIS تهیهشد. نتایج اولیه مدلسازی نشانداد که میانگین فرسایش سالانه در حوضه برابر با 58/36 تن در هکتار است. بررسی شرایط منطقه و دادههای واقعی نشاندهنده بیشبرآورد مدل بود. ازاینرو عامل C مجددا با استفاده از نقشه‌ی درصد پوشش و سنگوسنگریزه محاسبهشد و وارد مدل گردید. اینبار مقدار فرسایش 81/19 تن در هکتار برآرود گردید و دقت مدلسازی نزدیکبه 50 درصد افزایش یافت. طبقه‌بندی نقشه خطر فرسایش نشانداد که 86/19 درصد مساحت حوضه در کلاس فرسایش شدید (بیش از 30 تن در هکتار)، 53 درصد در کلاس فرسایش متوسط (10 تا 30 تن در هکتار) و 28 درصد در کلاس فرسایش کم (کمتر از 4 تن در هکتار) قرار دارد. بررسی بافت خاک نشاندادکه درصد بالای سیلت عامل اصلی فرسایش زیاد در برخی مناطق است، درحالیکه مناطق دارای خاک شنی یا پوششگیاهی مناسب، فرسایش کمتری را تجربه میکنند. این یافته‌ها نشان می‌دهد استفاده از DSM برای تهیه نقشههای ورودی مدل RUSLE و محاسبه عامل C با استفاده از دادههای درصد پوشش و سنگوسنگریزه، می‌تواند به‌طور دقیق‌تری دینامیک واقعی فرسایش را نشانداده و راهنمای مؤثری برای استراتژی‌های حفاظتی خاک ارائه دهد.
نوع مطالعه: مستخرج از پایان‌نامه / رساله / طرح پژوهشی |
موضوع مقاله:
مدلسازی و تحلیل زمانی و مکانی رخداد انواع مختلف فرسایش محیطی
دریافت: 1403/10/4
دریافت: 1403/10/4
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