1. Akhyani, A., Matinfar, H. R., & Asadi Rahmani, H. (2022). Determination the Effects of Land Use Change and Soil Type on Some Quality Properties of Soil Along a North - South Transect (Case Study Miami County of Semnan Province). Environmental Sciences, 20(2): 223-244. doi: 10.52547/envs.2021.36314. (In Persian). [
DOI:10.52547/envs.2021.36314]
2. Alef, K., & Nannipieri, P. (1995). Methods in applied Soil Microbiology and Biochemistry, Netherlands: Elsevier Science. Paperback ISBN: 9780125138406.
3. Ayoubi, S., Mokhtari Karchegani, P., Mosaddeghi, M. R., and Honarjoo, N. (2012). Soil aggregation and organic carbon as affected by topography and land use change in western Iran. Soil and Tillage Research, 121: 18-26. ISSN 0167-1987, 10.1016/j.still.2012.01.011.(https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0167198712000220)
10.1016/j.still.2012.01.011 [
]
4. Bameri, A. (2022). Evaluation of Soil Health in the Unstable Ecosystem of Gorgan City. Environment and Water Engineering, 8(1): 251-261. https://www.jewe.ir/article_132358.html?lang=en. (In Persian).
5. Bashour, I., & Sayegh, A. A. (2007). Methods of Analysis for Soils of Arid and Semi-Arid Regions. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome. P. 49-53.
6. Bigdeli, S., Ghafari, H., Norouzi Masir, M., and Moezzi, A. (2025). Assessment and modeling of soil quality using multivariate analysis approach (Case study of rainfed agricultural land in Dezpart city). Agricultural Engineering, 48(1). doi: 10.22055/agen.2025.48357.1753. (In Persian).
7. Bower, C. A. (1952). Exchangeable cation analysis of saline and alkali soils. Journal of soil science. Proc. 73: 251-261. [
DOI:10.1097/00010694-195204000-00001]
8. Bremner, J. M. (1996). Nitrogen‐total. Methods of soil analysis: Part 3 Chemical methods. 1(5): 1085-121. [
DOI:10.2136/sssabookser5.3.c37]
9. Congreves, K. A., Bradley, R. L., & Whalen, J. K. (2022). Soil microbial biomass and activity in perennial systems. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 164, 108495.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2021.108495 [
DOI:10.1016/j.soilbio.2021.108495.]
10. Feizizadeh, B., Lakes, T., Omarzadeh, D., Sharifi, A., Blaschke, T., & Karimzadeh, S. (2022). Scenario-based analysis of the impacts of lake drying on food production in the Lake Urmia Basin of Northern Iran. Scientific reports, 12(1): p.6237. https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-022-10159-2. [
DOI:10.1038/s41598-022-10159-2]
11. Feng, W., Sánchez-Rodríguez, A. R., Bilyera, N., Wang, J., Wang, X., Han, Y., Ma, B., Zhang, H., Li, F. Y., Zhou, J., Li, Y. (2024). Mechanisms of biochar-based organic fertilizers enhancing maize yield on a Chinese Chernozem: Root traits, soil quality and soil microorganisms. Environmental Technology and Innovation, Volume 36, 103756, ISSN 2352-1864, 10.1016/j.eti.2024.103756.(https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2352186424002323).
10.1016/j.eti.2024.103756 [
]
12. Fierer, N. (2017). Embracing the unknown: disentangling the microbial black box. Nat. Rev. Microbiol. 15, 595-605. [
DOI:10.1038/nrmicro.2017.87]
13. Gee, G. W., & Bauder, J. W. (1986). Particle-size analysis. P 383-411, In: A. Klute (eds.), Methods of soil analysis. Part 1. 2nd ed. Agron. Monogr. 9. Soil Science Society of America and American Society of Agronomy, Madison. [
DOI:10.2136/sssabookser5.1.2ed.c15]
14. Grossman, R. B., & Reinsch, T. G. (2002). 2.1 Bulk density and linear extensibility. In: Dick A.W. (Ed.), Methods of Soil Analysis: Part 4 Physical Methods. Soil Science Society of America Book Series, Madison, pp. 201-228. [
DOI:10.2136/sssabookser5.4.c9]
15. Hamidi Nehrani, S., Askari, M. S., Saadat, S., Delavar, M. A., & Taheri, M. (2020). Evaluation of soil quality under conventional agricultural management methods in Zanjan province. Journal of Soil Management and Sustainable Production, 9(4): 1-24. doi: 10.22069/ejsms.16032.1856. (In Persian).
16. Hamidi Nehrani, S., Askari, M. S., Saadat, S., Delavar, M. A., Taheri, M., & Holden, N. M. (2020). Quantification of soil quality under semi-arid agriculture in the northwest of Iran. Ecological Indicators, 108: 105770.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2019.105770 [
DOI:10.1016/j.ecolind.2019.105770.]
17. Hezarjaribi, A., Nosrati Karizak, F., & Abdollahnezhad, K. (2013). The Prediction Possibility of Soil Cation Exchange Capacity by Using of Easily Accessible Soil Parameters. Water and Soil, 27(4): 712-719. doi: 10.22067/jsw.v0i0.28092. (In Persian).
18. Jafari, S., Hashemi, S., & Mahdavi, S. (2024). The Effect of Land Use Change of Rangeland to Agriculture and Forest Park Land Use on Different Potassium Forms and Clay Mineralogy. Applied Soil Research, 11(4), 1-17. doi: 10.30466/asr.2024.121434.
19. Kemper, A., & Rosenau, R. C. (1986). Aggregate stability and size distribution, p. 425-431. In: Klute, A. (ed). Methods of Soil Analysis. Part 1, 2 nd. Agron.Monog. 9. Soil Science Society of America and American Society of Agronomy, Madison, WI. [
DOI:10.2136/sssabookser5.1.2ed.c17]
20. Khakipour, N. (2024). Variability of some soil quality indicators under different land uses in a part of Lahijan region, Gilan province. Agricultural Engineering, 47(1): 19-34. doi: 10.22055/agen.2024.45535.1700. (In Persian).
21. Kumar, A., Bhattacharya, T., Shaikh, W. A., & Roy, A. (2024). Sustainable soil management under drought stress through biochar application: Immobilizing arsenic, ameliorating soil quality, and augmenting plant growth. Environmental Research, Oct 15 [
DOI:10.1016/j.envres.2024.119531]
22. 259:119531. doi: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.119531. Epub 2024 Jul 1. PMID: 38960358. [
DOI:10.1016/j.envres.2024.119531]
23. Kuzyakov, Y., Xu, X. (2013). Competition between roots and microorganisms for nitrogen. New Phytol. 199, 917-928.
https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.12235 [
DOI:10.1111/nph.12235.]
24. Lavkulich, L. M. (1981). Methods Manual, Pedology Laboratory. Department of Soil Science, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. pp: 360.
25. Lei, Y., Lihong, W., Juncong, C., Huiling, Z., Jie, Z., Huadong, Z., Yadong, Y., & Zhaohai, Z. (2024). Improving soil quality and wheat yield through diversified crop rotations in the North China Plain. Soil and Tillage Research, Volume 244, 106231, ISSN 0167-1987, 10.1016/j.still.2024.106231.(https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0167198724002320).
10.1016/j.still.2024.106231 [
]
26. Liang, C., Amelung, W., Lehmann, J., & Kästner, M. (2019). Quantitative assessment of microbial necromass contribution to soil organic matter. Global Change Biology, 25(11), 3578-3590.
https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.14781 [
DOI:10.1111/gcb.14781.]
27. Maleki, S., Pilehvar, B., & Mahmoodi, M. A. (2024). Assessment of soil quality in different types of forests in north Zagros (Case study: Armardeh Baneh forests). Journal of Natural Environment, 77(1): 133-146. doi: 10.22059/jne.2023.366981.2609. (In Persian). [
DOI:10.61186/ifej.12.1.50]
28. Masoumi Tabar Zanjani, A., Amanifar, S., Askari, M. S., & Hassani, A. (2025). The effect of land use change on some biological characteristics of soil in the rangelands of Sohrein region, Zanjan province. Iranian Journal of Soil and Water Research, 55(11): 2125-2143. doi: 10.22059/ijswr.2024.378382.669739. (In Persian).
29. Matinfar, H., Jalali, M., & Mohammadi, S. (2018). Soil Quality (Principles and Concepts, Indexes and Indicators). Volume 1. First Edition. Tehran Academic Jahad Organization Publications. 360 pages. pp. 295-300. (In Persian).
30. Mbuthia, L. W., Acosta-Martínez, V., DeBruyn, J., Schaeffer, S., Tyler, H., McKenna, A., Kelley, A., & Hayes, J. (2015). Long term tillage, cover crop, and fertilization effects on microbial community structure, activity: Implications for soil quality. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 89, 24-34.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2015.06.016 [
DOI:10.1016/j.soilbio.2015.06.016.]
31. McLean, E. O. (1982). Soil pH and Lime requirement, P 199-224. In: A.L. Page, R.H. Miller and D.R. Keeney (Eds.), Methods of Soil Analysis. Part 2. Chemical and Micromorphological Properties. 2nd ed. Agron. Monogr. 9. Soil Science Society of America and American Society of Agronomy, Madison, WI. [
DOI:10.2134/agronmonogr9.2.2ed.c12]
32. Moradian Paik, N., & Jafari, S. (2022). The Effect of Land Use Change on Soil Quality Factors (Case Study: Khuzestan Province). Journal of Water and Soil Science, 26 (4): 299-318. doi: 10.47176/jwss.26.4.12327 .(In Persian). [
DOI:10.47176/jwss.26.4.12327]
33. Navidi, M., & Davatgar, N. (2019). Soil Quality from the Perspective of Pedology. Technical Publication 564. Ministry of Agricultural Jahad, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Soil and Water Research Institute. 40 pages. (In Persian).
34. Nazari, H., Mohammadkhani, N., & Servati, M. (2023). Performance of soil quality indicators in estimation and distribution of rapeseed yield. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 195(12): p.1529.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-023-12164-y [
DOI:10.1007/s10661-023-12164-y.]
35. Negassa, W., & Leinweber, P. (2009). Soil organic phosphorus dynamics. Adv. Agron. 103, 83-143.
36. Olsen, S. R., Cole, C. V., Watanabe, F. S., & Dean, C. A. (1954). Estimation of available phosphorous in soils by extraction with sodium bicarbonate. U. S. Department of Agriculture Circular. No. 939.
37. Pesini, G., Flores, J. P. M., Alves, L. A., Filippi, D., Martins, A. P., de Campos Carmona, F., Tiecher, T. (2024). Potassium Rates and Application Methods: Effects on Soil K Availability and Crop Response in Planosols and Ferralsols. Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis, 55(11), 1675-1689.
https://doi.org/10.1080/00103624.2024.2323081 [
DOI:10.1080/00103624.2024.2323081.]
38. Rabbi, S. M. F., Daniel, H., Lockwood, P. V., Macdonald, C., Blair, G., Daniel, K., & Young, I. M. (2021). Soil structure protects microbial biomass from pore size exclusion and predation. Nature Communications, 12, 4592. [
DOI:10.1038/s41467-021-24791-0.]
39. Rahimi, A., & Breuste, J. (2021). Why is Lake Urmia drying up? Prognostic modeling with land-use data and artificial neural network. Frontiers in Environmental Science, 9, p.603916.
https://doi.org/10.3389/fenvs.2021.603916 [
DOI:10.3389/fenvs.2021.603916.]
40. Raiesi, F., & Kabiri, V. (2016). Identification of soil quality indicators for assessing the effect of different tillage practices through a soil quality index in a semi-arid environment. Ecological Indicators. 71, 198-207.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2016.06.061 [
DOI:10.1016/j.ecolind.2016.06.061.]
41. Ramezani, A., Farhangi, M. B., Ghorbanzadeh, N., & Khalili Rad, M. (2024). Effect of lime and wood ash on pH amendment and soil biological characteristics of two acid soils. Journal of Soil Management and Sustainable Production, 14(2): 1-24. doi: 10.22069/ejsms.2024.20561.2074. (In Persian).
42. Rasmussen, C., Heckman, K., Wieder, W. R., Berhe, A. A., Berhe, A. A., Crow, S. E., Druhan, J. L., Heckman, K., Keiluweit, M., Lawrence, C. R., Marín-Spiotta, E., Plante, A. F., Pries, C. E. H., Wagai, R., & Wagai, R. (2018). Beyond clay: towards an improved set of variables for predicting soil organic matter content. Biogeochemistry, 137(3), 297-306.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10533-018-0424-3 [
DOI:10.1007/s10533-018-0424-3.]
43. Rengasamy, P., & Olsson, K. A. (1991). Sodicity and soil structure. Australian Journal of Soil Research, 29(6), 935-952.
https://doi.org/10.1071/SR9910935 [
DOI:10.1071/SR9910935.]
44. Rousk, J., Bååth, E., Brookes, P. C., Lauber, C. L., Lozupone, C., Caporaso, J. G., Knight, R., Fierer, N. (2010). Soil bacterial and fungal communities across a pH gradient in an arable soil. ISME J. Oct;4(10):1340-51. doi: 10.1038/ismej.2010.58. Epub 2010 May 6. PMID: 20445636. [
DOI:10.1038/ismej.2010.58]
45. Rowley, M. C., Grand, S., & Verrecchia, É. P. (2018). Calcium-mediated stabilisation of soil organic carbon. Biogeochemistry, 137(1), 27-49.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10533-017-0410-1 [
DOI:10.1007/s10533-017-0410-1.]
46. Sadati, M., Beheshti Ale Agha, A., & Hamedi, F. (2023). The Effect of Land Abandonment on Biological, Physical and Chemical Properties of Soils. Water and Soil, 37(3): 397-413. doi: 10.22067/jsw.2022.77543.1179. (In Persian).
47. Sadeghi Mianrodi, M., Moezi, A., Gholami, A., Babaei-nejad, T., & Panahpur, E. (2022). Effects of land-use change on soil physical characteristics and nutrients in northern Khuzestan. Agricultural Engineering, 44(4): 381-397. doi: 10.22055/agen.2022.39468.1622. (In Persian).
48. Schubert, S., & Qadir, M. (2024). Soil salinity and salt resistance of crop plants. Springer.
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-73250-8 [
DOI:10.1007/978-3-031-73250-8.]
49. Servati, M. (2018). Selection of the most Suitable Crop Rotation in Aras River Margin, Based on Assessing Soil Qualitative Indicators. Water and Soil Science, 28(4): 155-165. https://water-soil.tabrizu.ac.ir/article_8565.html. (In Persian).
50. Shi, R. Y., Liu, Z. D., Li, Y., Jiang, T., Xu, M., Li, J. Y., & Xu, R. K. (2019). Mechanisms for increasing soil resistance to acidification by long-term manure application. Soil and Tillage Research, 185, 77-84.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2018.09.004 [
DOI:10.1016/j.still.2018.09.004.]
51. Tellen, V. A., & Yerima, B. P. (2018). Effects of land use change on soil physicochemical properties in selected areas in the North West region of Cameroon. Environmental Systems Research, 7(1): 1-29.
https://doi.org/10.1186/s40068-018-0106-0 [
DOI:10.1186/s40068-018-0106-0.]
52. Tully, K. L., & McAskill, C. (2020). Promoting soil health in organically managed systems: a review. Organic Agriculture, 10(3), 339-358.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s13165-019-00275-1 [
DOI:10.1007/s13165-019-00275-1.]
53. Vance, E. D., Brookes, P. C., & Jenkinson, D. S. (1987). An extraction method for measuring soil microbial biomass-C. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 19: 703-707. [
DOI:10.1016/0038-0717(87)90052-6]
54. Walker, D. J., & Bernal, M. P. (2008). The effects of olive mill waste compost and poultry manure on the availability and plant uptake of nutrients in a highly saline soil. Bioresource Technology, 99: 396-403. [
DOI:10.1016/j.biortech.2006.12.006]
55. Walkley, A., & Black, L. A. (1934). Examination of the Degtjareff method for determining soil organic matter and a proposed modification of chromic acid titration method. Journal of Soil Science. 37: 29-38. [
DOI:10.1097/00010694-193401000-00003]
56. Wiesmeier, M., Urbanski, L., Hobley, E., Lang, B., von Lützow, M., Marin-Spiotta, E., van Wesemael, B., Rabot, E., Ließ, M., von der Gablentz, A., Garcia-Rojas, L., Wollschläger, U., & Kögel-Knabner, I. (2019). Soil organic carbon storage as a key function of soils - A review of drivers and indicators at various scales. Geoderma, 333, 149-162.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2018.07.026 [
DOI:10.1016/j.geoderma. 2018.07.026.]
57. Woloszczyk, P., Fiencke, C., Elsner, D. C., Cordsen, E., & Pfeiffer, E. M. (2020). Spatial and temporal patterns in soil organic carbon, microbial biomass and activity under different land-use types in a long-term soil-monitoring network. Pedobiologia, 80, 150642.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pedobi.2020.150642 [
DOI:10.1016/j.pedobi. 150642.]
58. Yang, K., Zhu, J., Zhang, M., Yan, Q., & Sun, O. J. (2010). Soil microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen in forest ecosystems of Northeast China: a comparison between natural secondary forest and larch plantation. Journal of Plant Ecology, 3(3): 175-182.
https://doi.org/10.1093/jpe/rtq022 [
DOI:10.1093/jpe/rtq022.]
59. Yoder, R. E. (1936). A direct method of aggregate analysis and a study of the physical nature of erosion losses. Journal of the American Society of Agronomy, 28: 337-351. [
DOI:10.2134/agronj1936.00021962002800050001x]