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Department og Geogrphy,Faculty of Geography,University of imam ali military , Tehrn, Iran , pourzare@iamu.ac.ir
Abstract: (521 Views)
1- Introduction
Groundwater is the main source of water and one of the most important sources of fresh water on Earth. The quantity and quality of groundwater are deteriorating due to increasing urbanization and its side effects (Amanpour et al., 2021). Recently, with rapid population growth, urbanization and industrialization, groundwater resources have been at risk and have created a serious environmental problem (Afsaw et al., 1, 2020). Therefore, human activities in some cases damage the balances of capacity in nature. One of the most important water resources vulnerable to pollution is aquifers. These resources are exposed to pollution in various ways, which makes detecting and controlling pollution in them more difficult and costly than surface waters. Also, due to the persistence of pollution in these resources, the best way to prevent their pollution is to identify polluting sources and vulnerable areas, prepare vulnerability zoning maps, and adopt appropriate management policies (Aghdam et al., 2017).
Identification and preparing zoning maps of vulnerable areas of the aquifer is an appropriate management tool to prevent pollution of underground water resources. Considering the importance of Khovayes Plain in agriculture water supply, drinking and industrial conditions, the drastic model is used to assess the aquifer vulnerability. In the drastic model, some significant indices in the assessment of underground water aquifer vulnerability including water table depth, water supply network, aquifer type, soil type, topographic dip, components of the unsaturated zone , and hydraulic conductivity were used and prepared as seven layers in ArcGIS software; after weighting, ranking and integrating the seven mentioned layers, considering the pollutions, the final map of vulnerability aquifer was prepared. After matching the Nitrate Ion on the final drastic map, it was found out that all points with a high amount of Nitrate, are located in a highly polluted realm which confirms the accuracy and validity of the used model.
3- Results
The vulnerability zoning of the Dasht-e Khosh aquifer, which was obtained by combining the seven raster maps of the parameters of the DRAS-1 model by considering the weight of each parameter in the Geographic Information System (GIS) environment, shows that in the Dasht-e Khosh region, the parameters of groundwater depth and unsaturated environment have the greatest effect and the parameters of land slope have the least impact in determining the level of vulnerability of the aquifer. Nitrate ion a natural pollutant in the region) was used to verify the final vulnerability map. By matching nitrate ions on the final DRAS-1 map, it was determined that all points with high nitrate ions are located in an area with high pollution force, which can confirm the accuracy and precision of the model. In terms of area, it can be said that about 17.16% of the study area is in the very low vulnerability range, 23.55% is low vulnerability, 19.21% is medium vulnerability, 28.72% is high vulnerability, and 11.36% is in the very high vulnerability range. The northern and southern parts of the plain aquifer are highly vulnerable. Therefore, controlling this area against pollution should be considered. Nitrate pollution in this area is also high, so this area requires more care and the imposition of certain restrictions. The central areas of the plain have a medium vulnerability potential, and the northwestern and southeastern areas of the plain have a lower vulnerability potential.
4- Discussion & Conclusions
In this research, in the first part, effective characteristics in assessing the vulnerability of groundwater aquifers, including water table depth, recharge network, aquifer type, soil type, topographic slope, unsaturated zone constituents, and hydraulic conductivity, were used to implement the model. These were prepared as seven layers in ArcGIS software, and by weighting, ranking, and combining the above seven layers, the final map of aquifer vulnerability to pollution was prepared. Then, nitrate ion adaptation was performed on the final map of Drastic. Therefore, control of this area against pollution should be considered. Nitrate pollution in this area is also high, so this area needs more care and also the application of certain restrictions. The central areas of the plain have a medium vulnerability potential and the northwestern and southeastern areas of the plain have a lower vulnerability potential. Because the removal of pollution from groundwater resources is costly, the vulnerability zoning of the plain aquifer can be provided as a valuable tool to officials and trustees so that they can make the necessary decisions for land use and management of the plain aquifer. These decisions can include the management of agricultural fertilizers and urban wastewater to safer points and land use changes.
Groundwater is the main source of water and one of the most important sources of fresh water on Earth. The quantity and quality of groundwater are deteriorating due to increasing urbanization and its side effects (Amanpour et al., 2021). Recently, with rapid population growth, urbanization and industrialization, groundwater resources have been at risk and have created a serious environmental problem (Afsaw et al., 1, 2020). Therefore, human activities in some cases damage the balances of capacity in nature. One of the most important water resources vulnerable to pollution is aquifers. These resources are exposed to pollution in various ways, which makes detecting and controlling pollution in them more difficult and costly than surface waters. Also, due to the persistence of pollution in these resources, the best way to prevent their pollution is to identify polluting sources and vulnerable areas, prepare vulnerability zoning maps, and adopt appropriate management policies (Aghdam et al., 2017).
Identification and preparing zoning maps of vulnerable areas of the aquifer is an appropriate management tool to prevent pollution of underground water resources. Considering the importance of Khovayes Plain in agriculture water supply, drinking and industrial conditions, the drastic model is used to assess the aquifer vulnerability. In the drastic model, some significant indices in the assessment of underground water aquifer vulnerability including water table depth, water supply network, aquifer type, soil type, topographic dip, components of the unsaturated zone , and hydraulic conductivity were used and prepared as seven layers in ArcGIS software; after weighting, ranking and integrating the seven mentioned layers, considering the pollutions, the final map of vulnerability aquifer was prepared. After matching the Nitrate Ion on the final drastic map, it was found out that all points with a high amount of Nitrate, are located in a highly polluted realm which confirms the accuracy and validity of the used model.
3- Results
The vulnerability zoning of the Dasht-e Khosh aquifer, which was obtained by combining the seven raster maps of the parameters of the DRAS-1 model by considering the weight of each parameter in the Geographic Information System (GIS) environment, shows that in the Dasht-e Khosh region, the parameters of groundwater depth and unsaturated environment have the greatest effect and the parameters of land slope have the least impact in determining the level of vulnerability of the aquifer. Nitrate ion a natural pollutant in the region) was used to verify the final vulnerability map. By matching nitrate ions on the final DRAS-1 map, it was determined that all points with high nitrate ions are located in an area with high pollution force, which can confirm the accuracy and precision of the model. In terms of area, it can be said that about 17.16% of the study area is in the very low vulnerability range, 23.55% is low vulnerability, 19.21% is medium vulnerability, 28.72% is high vulnerability, and 11.36% is in the very high vulnerability range. The northern and southern parts of the plain aquifer are highly vulnerable. Therefore, controlling this area against pollution should be considered. Nitrate pollution in this area is also high, so this area requires more care and the imposition of certain restrictions. The central areas of the plain have a medium vulnerability potential, and the northwestern and southeastern areas of the plain have a lower vulnerability potential.
4- Discussion & Conclusions
In this research, in the first part, effective characteristics in assessing the vulnerability of groundwater aquifers, including water table depth, recharge network, aquifer type, soil type, topographic slope, unsaturated zone constituents, and hydraulic conductivity, were used to implement the model. These were prepared as seven layers in ArcGIS software, and by weighting, ranking, and combining the above seven layers, the final map of aquifer vulnerability to pollution was prepared. Then, nitrate ion adaptation was performed on the final map of Drastic. Therefore, control of this area against pollution should be considered. Nitrate pollution in this area is also high, so this area needs more care and also the application of certain restrictions. The central areas of the plain have a medium vulnerability potential and the northwestern and southeastern areas of the plain have a lower vulnerability potential. Because the removal of pollution from groundwater resources is costly, the vulnerability zoning of the plain aquifer can be provided as a valuable tool to officials and trustees so that they can make the necessary decisions for land use and management of the plain aquifer. These decisions can include the management of agricultural fertilizers and urban wastewater to safer points and land use changes.
Received: 2025/01/17
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